Chapter 1: Abnormal Behavior In Historical Context

Front 1

Psychological Disorder

Back 1

An individual experience dysfunction, distress and deviance. But no one in this criterion has yet been developed that fully defines abnormality.

Front 2

Dysfunction

Back 2

An individual cannot function on a daily basis e. g not taking a bath, not eating well and etc

Front 3

Distress

Back 3

An individual experiences an unreasonable stress

Front 4

Deviance

Back 4

Violates the social norm

Front 5

Diagnostic Statistical Manual 5

Back 5

Contains the criteria of psychological disorders

Front 6

Prototype

Back 6

When most or all symptoms that experts would agree are part of the disorder are present. This means that the patient may have only some features or symptoms of the disorder (a minimum number) and still meet the criteria for yhe disorder because his or her set of symptoms is close to the prototype.

Front 7

Psychopathology

Back 7

Scientific study of psychological Disorders.

Front 8

Psychopathology professionals

Back 8

Clinical Psychologist & counseling psychologist

Psychiatrists

Psychiatric social worker

Psychiatric Nurse

Front 9

Clinical Psychologist & Counseling Psychologist

Back 9

They have PhD degree. They make research about the cause and treatment to Psychological Disorder. They make diagnosis, assessment, and treatment

Front 10

Psychiatrist

Back 10

First earned their MD then they make psychiatry as their specialty during residency. They focuses on the drugs for treatment

Front 11

Psychiatric Social Worker

Back 11

Gathers data about the society and families of an individual who have psychological disorder

Front 12

Psychiatric Nurse

Back 12

Specialize in the care and treatment of patients with psychological disorders, usually in hospitals as part of a treatment team

Front 13

Marriage and family therapist and mental health counselors

Back 13

They spend 1-2 yrs earning a master's degree and are employed to provide clinical services by hospitals or clinics, usually under the supervision of a doctoral-level clinician

Front 14

Scientist-practicioners

Back 14

Mental health professionals take scientific approach to their clinical work. Scientific methods to learn more about nature of psychological disorders, their causes, and their treatment.

Front 15

Three major categories make up the study and discussion of psychological disorders

Back 15

Clinical description

Causation (etiology)

Treatment and outcome

Front 16

Clinical description

Back 16

Represents the unique combination of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that make up a specific disorder.

One important function of it is that it specify the difference of the disorder to other disorder.

Front 17

Statistical data may also be relevant in clinical description, they are the ff:

Back 17

Prevalence

Incidence

Sex ratio

Front 18

Prevalence

Back 18

Statistics on how many people in the population as a whole have the disorder.

Front 19

Incidence

Back 19

How many new cases occur during a period, such as year.

Front 20

Sex ratio

Back 20

How many males and females have the disorder.

Front 21

Chronic course

Back 21

Last long time, sometimes last life time.

Front 22

Episodic course

Back 22

Recover within a few months only to suffer a recurrence of the disorder at a later time.

Front 23

Time-limited course

Back 23

The disorder will improve without treatment in a relatively short period.

Front 24

Acute onset

Back 24

Begin suddenly

Front 25

Insidious onset

Back 25

Develop gradually

Front 26

Prognosis

Back 26

The treatment and other appropriate steps that are given to disorder.

Front 27

Development psychology

Back 27

Study in changes in behavior

Front 28

Development psychopathology

Back 28

Study in changes in abnormal behavior

Front 29

Etiology

Back 29

Study of origins, what is the cause of psychological disorder.

Front 30

Treatment

Back 30

Inportant to the psychological disorders. If a new drug or psychosocial treatment is successful in treating a disorder, it may give us some hints about the nature of the disorder and its causes.

Front 31

The supernatural tradition

Back 31

All physical and mental disorders were considered the work of evil

Front 32

Demons and witches

Back 32

-14th century to 15th, but it still continue to 17th century in US Salem, Massachusetts witch trial.

-people turn into sorcery and magics for them to solve their problem but it causes them to have psychological disorder that they thought it was work of evil.

Front 33

Stress and Melancholy

Back 33

Insanity is natural phenomenon caused by mental or emotional stress, that was curable.

Front 34

Treatment for possession

Back 34

-They make the patient's body uninhabitable. They torture the patient.

- A creative "therapist" decided that hanging people over a pit full of poisonous snakes might scare the evil spirits right out of their bodies.

Front 35

Mass hysteria

Back 35

-Large scale outbreaks of bizarre behavior.

-Mass hysteria may simply demonstrated the phenomenon of Emotion Contagion, in which the experience of an emotion seems to spread those around us.

Front 36

The moon and stars

Back 36

Movements of the moon and stars had profound effects on people's psychological functioning.

Front 37

The Biological Tradition

Back 37

Important to the biological tradition are a man, Hippocrates: a disease, syphilis: and the early consequences of believing that psychological disorders are biologically caused.

Front 38

Hippocrates and Galen

Back 38

4 bodily fluids

Blood (heart) , black bile (spleen), yellow bile (liver) , and phlegm (brain).

4 basic qualities

Blood- Sanguine

Black bile- Melancholic

Yellow bile- Choleric

Phlegm- Phlegmatic

Front 39

Bleeding or bloodletting

Back 39

Two treatments were developed. 1.Amount of blood was removed from the body, often with leeches.

2. Induce vomiting, treatment on depression.

Front 40

The 19th century

Back 40

The discovery of the nature and cause of syphilis and strong support from the well-respected American psychiatrist John P. Grey

Front 41

Syphilis

Back 41

Advanced syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by a bacterial microorganism entering the brain. The presence of delusion of persecution and delusions of grandeur.

Front 42

John P. Grey

Back 42

-The most influential American psychiatrist of the time.

-Grey's leadership, the conditions in hospitals greatly improved and they became more humane, livable institutions. But in subsequent years they also became so large and impersonal that individual attention was not possible.

Front 43

Deinstitutionalization

Back 43

-During the 19th century the increasing population of mental hospitals was recommended to be downsized.

-The patients were release into their community. That's why there are large increase in the number of chronically disabled patients homeless on the streets of our cities.

Front 44

Moral therapy

Back 44

-Influential during 19th century

- Philippe Pinel and Jean-Baptiste Pussin

-Its basic tenets included treating institutionalized patients as normally as possible in a setting that encouraged and reinforced normal social interaction

-Providing them with many opportunities for appropriate social and interpersonal contact.

Front 45

Declination of moral therapy

Back 45

1. Moral therapy works best when the number of patients in an institution was 200 and fewer.

2. It has an unlikely source.

Front 46

Dorothea Dix: Mental Hygiene movement

Back 46

Dix worked hard to make sure that everyone who needed care recieved it, including homeless. Her efforts, humane treatment became more widely available in the U.S. institutions.

Front 47

Franz Anton Mesmer: Mesmerized

Back 47

The father of hypnosis, a state in which extremely suggestible subjects sometimes appear to be in trance.