Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Severity of intellectual disability levels chap. 13 |
-Mild -majority of ppl w/ this condition -social comm. skills, little impairment in motor activities -immature social interactions -misperceive social cues -Moderate -10% of ppl w/ this disability -impairments in sensorimotor development -can care for themselves but need reminders -Severe -3.5% of pop -poor motor development. minimal speech, often physical deformities -remain dependent on others for problem solving and hygiene care, require assistance at all times -Profound -extreme deficits in both intellectual and sensorimotor functions |
|
|
IQ Tests & levels of functioning chap.13 |
-between 70 and 85 is considered borderline intellectual functioning -scores fall between two deviations of 70 and 130 -scores of 65-75 who also show impairment in adaptive functioning meet criteria for intellectual disability |
|
|
Down syndrome chap.13 |
-a condition associated w/ mental retardation caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 -intellectual impairment along w/ physical anomalies: almond shaped eyes, flat nasal bridge, etc. -three number 21 chromosomes |
|
|
Recessive gene disorders chap.13 |
-Phenylketonuria (PKU) - rare single-gene recessive metabolic disorder that results in intellectual disability -Fragile X syndrome -condition in which the tip of the X chromosome is at risk of separation |
|
|
FAS chap.13 |
-Fetal alcohol syndrome -mother's drinking during pregnancy causes birth defects |
|
|
Mainstreaming chap.13 |
-an effort to keep a disabled child around normal peers as much as possible |
|
|
Learning disorder definition chap.13 |
-specific learning disorders combine the DSM IV diagnoses of reading disorder, mathematics disorder, disorder of written expression, and learning disorder not otherwise specified. |
|
|
Stereotypic movement disorder chap.13 |
-Motor behavior that is nonfunctional and repetitive -body rocking, handwaving, head banging (some movements can cause serious physical damage) |
|
|
Tourette's disorder chap.13 |
-multiple motor and vocal tics persist for at least a year -symptoms must start before age 18 -occur many times a day -cannot be attributable to a general medical condition or substance -comorbid w/ ADHD |
|
|
Autism spectrum disorder chap.13 |
-DSM 5's decision to combine 4 developmental disorders into a single spectrum -include autistic disorder, Asperger's, childhood disintegrative, pervasive developmental disorder -problems in social interactions, communication, or play |
|
|
ADHD chap.13 |
-symptoms must cause impairment before age 12 -must be present in 2 diff. settings and must interfere w/ occupational, academic, or social settings -symptoms include inattention, being forgetful,lack of attention to detail, poor school grades -more common in males -comorbid w/ learning disorders, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder -treatment includes medication, behavior therapy, |
|
|
Anorexia nervosa chap.14 |
-first named in 19th cent. by William Gull who reported a girl who almost starved herself to death -involves three main features: 1.) restricted calorie intake insufficient to maintain normal body weight 2.) intense fear of gaining weight 3.) disturbance in the perception of body size -two types of eating patterns: 1.) restricting type: individual diets, fasts, or exercises excessively 2.) binge eating/purging: individual consumes food in large quantities, compensates w/ induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives -medications rarely used for treatment -unknown cause -biological and cultural influences |
|
|
Bulimia nervosa chap.14 |
-involves lack of control when eating large quantities and consuming large quantities of food often -compensation for binge eating involves fasting, excessive exercise, etc. -fear of gaining weight -more common than anorexia -causes stem from child abuse/sexual abuse -treatment can include antidepressant med, therapy, CBT |
|
|
Binge eating chap.14 |
-eating much larger amounts of food than normal w/in a given time |
|
|
Avoidant/restrictive food disorder chap.14 |
-Do not eat enough food to meet energy or nutritional needs -significant weight loss, nutritional deficiency, dependence on supplemental feeding, marked interference in normal functioning -cannot be assoc. w/ lack of available food, gastrointestinal disorders, or other gen medical condition |
|
|
Pica chap.14 |
-involves persistent eating of non-nutritive, nonfood substances such as pebbles, soil, plants, cloth, paint, etc. -serious medical conditions can develop, such as gastrointestinal problems, infections, etc. -comorbid w/ intellectual disability |
|
|
Insomnia chap.14 |
-ppl have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep -causes daytime fatigue -cannot be due to other medical condition, effects of a substance, or other mental disorder -must persist 3 months, occur 3x per week -causes: -psychological distress -treatments: -antidepressants -regular exercise |
|
|
Hypersomnolence disorder chap.14 |
-excessive sleepiness despite getting at least 7 hrs of sleep during main sleep pd. -ppl may sleep more than 9 hrs without feeling refreshed -comorbidity w/ another mental disorder, med. condition, or sleep disorder -struggle to remain alert; efficiency, concentration, and memory are impaired -runs in families, causes are not clear -occurs between ages of 15 and 30, goes between chronic and stable |
|
|
Obstructive sleep apnea chap.14 |
-individual stops breathing, begins to suffocate, wakes up quickly to gasp for breath -most common form of breathing-related sleep disorders -repeated obstructions of upper airway, loud snoring -5 apneas/hour of sleep -more common in overweight individuals -ppl w/ large necks (16-17in.) are at greater risk |
|
|
Restless leg syndrome chap.14 |
-2-7% - more in females -more likely to happen during pregnancy -increases thru age 60 -persistent urges to move legs, especially during resting to relieve sensations of itching, burning, tingling -3x/week for 3 mos. |
|
|
Encopresis chap.14 |
-repeated passage of feces by a person over 4 y/o into inappropriate places, such as into clothing or onto floor -not always involuntary -must occur for at least 3 mos. and not due to other medical condition or use of laxatives -often assoc. w/ embarrassment, avoidance of social situations, etc. -more common among males, 1% of 5 y/o |
|
|
Enuresis chap.14 |
-repeated voiding of urine into beds or clothes, during day or night, in children ages 5 or older -not due to med. condition and must occur 2x/week for 3 mos. -nocturnal (night), diurnal (day), or both -treatment could include the pad and bell method, when someone starts to pee on pad, a bell rings to wake them up out of sleep -10% 5 y/o, 2.5% 10 y/o, 1% adult |
|
|
Non-24hr-sleep-wake type of circadian rhythm disorder chap.14 |
-sleep phase gradually increases and drifts out of 24 hr alignment so that sleep time moves into daytime hours -common in blind or visually handicapped ppl |
|
|
Delirium chap.15 |
-rapidly developing change in consciousness and reduced attention -can involve disorientation, hallucinations, memory impairment, -changes in emotion such as fear, anger, frustration, etc. -can occur in all ages -occur from exposure to toxins -treatment can include antipsychotic medication |
|
|
Neglect syndrome chap.15 |
-a spatial disorder involving inattention to the left visual field due to damage to the right parietal lobe of the brain |
|
|
Wernicke' area and Broca's area chap.15 |
-Wernicke's area: -Wernicke's aphasia involves fluent speech that conveys little meaning as well as a profound deficit in speech comprehension -Broca's area: - effortful, slow articulation w/ lil info included |
|
|
Polypharmacy chap.15 |
-the simultaneous use of multiple drugs to treat a single ailment or condition |
|
|
Agnosia chap.15 |
-Failure to recognize familiar objects or ppl |
|
|
Dementia chap.15 |
-of the Alzheimer's type -most common form of dementia -Alzheimer's accounts for 60% of all dementia cases -diagnosis of this type is made by exclusion,ruling out other possible causes of dementia - stroke, brain tumor, etc. |
|
|
Perceptual motor activities chap.15 |
-require using the brain and body to accomplish tasks, such as walking on a balance beam while reciting the alphabet |
|
|
Executive function chap. 15 |
-set of mental skills that help you get things done -skills are controlled by an area of the brain called the frontal lobe - helps you: Manage time. Pay attention |
|
|
Alzheimer's disease chap.15 |
-leading cause of dementia -irreversible -conditions get worse as time goes on, can be slow or get bad rather quickly -leads to loss of cognitive functioning coupled w/ social impairment -underlying cause is gradual and deterioration of cholinergic neurons |
|
|
Alzheimer's disease: brain lesions chap.15 |
-brain lesions may help predict alzheimer's disease very early |
|
|
Alzheimer's disease: typical course |
-mild, moderate, and severe parts of the course -early stage, ppl can usually compensate for dysfunctions that involve difficulties in at least 2 areas, being memory, executive functioning, perceptual motor skills, or language -as it progresses, more parts of brain are impacted; brain ventricles enlarge, cortex shows signs of atrophy -brain activity reduces as course continues |
|
|
Substance abuse amnestic disorder chap.15 |
-amnestic disorder is the ability to learn and recall new info is impaired w/put impaired consciousness or cognitive deficits -symptoms typically preceded by long history of drug/medication abuse -symptoms depend on substance |
|
|
Vascular neurocognitive disorder chap.15 |
-caused by brain damage from cardiovascular disease -caused by stroke leading to an area of dead tissue -symptoms include headache, confusion, memory lapses, etc. -person usually recovers well after first occurrence, but smaller strokes can follow causing dementia and weakness, etc. -more common in males than females |
|
|
Parkinson's disease chap.15 |
-second most common progressive dementia -physical signs include resting motor tremor, slower movement, posture instability -psychological symptoms include cognitive slowing, memory impairment, etc. |
|
|
Nurse practitioners chap.16 |
-completed training leading to MSN (masters of science in nursing) -qualified to treat and diagnose mental disorders and may prescribe medication under periodic supervision of MD |
|
|
Competency chap.16 |
-the mental ability to handle one's own legal affairs and to understand and assist in legal proceedings |
|
|
Jackson vs. Indiana (1972) chap.16 |
-intellectually deficient defendant, deaf and mute and unable to read or write, was ruled incompetent and held over for 3.5 yrs on treat until competent -if he would have been found competent and convicted of robbery (crime originally charged), he would have served 60 days in prison -court ruled length of pretrial confinement time should be limited |
|
|
David Berkowitz case chap.16 |
-Son of Sam -charged w/ killing six ppl and wounding seven others -demons speaking w/ voices of barking dogs told him to do it -believed he was incompetent to stand trial |
|
|
Sanity chap.16 |
-mental ability to distinguish right from wrong, and to form the intent to commit an act such as a crime |
|
|
Involuntary commitment chap.16 |
-legal process through which an individual who is deemed by a qualified agent to have symptoms of severe mental disorder is court-ordered into treatment in a psychiatric hospital (inpatient) or in the community (outpatient). |
|
|
Civil commitment chap.16 |
-under a state's mental health code allows the state, under certain circumstances, to provide protection and and treatment to unwilling persons -usually concerns the degree to which the disordered person is dangerous to self and/or others -involuntary commitment to provide protection for unwilling individuals -protection of civil liberties |
|
|
Rights of those involuntarily committed chap.16 |
-right to treatment -right to refuse treatment -least restrictive environment |
|
|
Psychologist's ethical principles chap.16 |
-confidentiality and privileged communication -duty to warn: -if client makes a threat against another person, you have to inform the other person |
|
|
Tarasoff chap.16 |
-student became romantically obsessed w/ a girl, and she denied him many times -student seen by psychologist, psychiatrist and put on medication -student mentioned killing Tarasoff to psychologist and they told campus security and they held him for a while bc he seemed rational -after she returned from vacation, he stabbed her to death |
|
|
Confidentiality chap.16 |
-ethical obligation on part of the therapist not to reveal sensitive information to others |
