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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
animals that regulate their body temperature by external factors
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cold-blooded
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animals whose body temperatures fluctuate with their surroundings
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poikilotherms
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characteristics of all true reptiles
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vertebrates; cold-blooded; dry, tough skins
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to lose the outer layer of skin
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molt
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how reptiles breathe
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one (some snakes) or two lungs
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how reptiles reproduce
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mostly oviparous
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reptiles which bear young alive from eggs
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ovoviviparous
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elongated, four-legged reptiles with a tapered tail
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lizads
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only sea lizards
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marine iguanas on the Galapagos Islands
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largest lizard
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Komodo dragon
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only two venomous lizards
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Gila monster, Mexican beaded lizard
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the "American chameleon" which is not a chameleon
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anole
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lizard with seasonal color changs
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racerunner
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legless lizard found in Eastern US
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glass snake
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various lizard defenses
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detaching tails, hiding, gliding, frill encircling the head, horns, poison, camouflage
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only lizard that can make a loud noise
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gecko
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legless vertebrates with long, cylindrical bodies covered with dry scales
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snakes
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sideways movement of snakes
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lateral undulation
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alternately stretching and shortening to move
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rectilinear movement
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alternately coiling and uncoiling
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concertina movement
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lifting body off the ground and throwing it sideways
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sidewinding movement
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fastest known snake
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black mamba
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features of snake eyes
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see poorly, round or slitlike pupils, no blinking, transparent scales cover eyes
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what lower jaws of snakes are attached to
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quadrate bone
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how a snake smells
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tonuge
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cavities in the roof of a snake's mouth that are sensitive to odor
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Jacobson's organ
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how snakes swallow prey larger than itself
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whole, using double-hinged jaws
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how a snake does not suffocate while swallowing
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trachea extends out of mouth
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zoologists who study reptiles and amphibians
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herpetologists
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categories of snakes
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blind snakes, constrictors, colubrids, elapids, vipers
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three largest snakes
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pythones, anacondas, boas
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hollow or grooved venom-injecting teeth
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fangs
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snakes with immovable fangs in the front of the upper jaw, always poisonous
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elapids
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largest venomous snake
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king cobra
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have long, movable fangs attached to the front of the upper jaw
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viperids
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sensory depression on each side of the head to sense heat
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pit viper
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nerve poison
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neruotoxin
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blood poison
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hemotoxin
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antibodies that attack and neutralize toxin molecules
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antitoxins
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reptile with a shell and toothless jaws
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turtle
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upper shell of a turtle
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carapace
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lower shell of a turtle
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plastron
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tough, horny outer layer of the turtle's shell
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shields
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characteristics of turtles
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live in warm regions, toothless, claws on forelimbs, lungs
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state of summer dormancy or limited activity
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estivation
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eardrums
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tympanic membranes
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transparent membrane which lubricates and protects a turtle's eye
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nictitating membrane
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largest family of turtles
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freshwater
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two groups of freshwater turtles
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hard-shelled, soft-shelled
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turtles with webbed feet
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soft-whelled turtles
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largest living turtles
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marine turtles
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land turtles with feet and claws suitable for land life
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tortoise
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one of the world's largest living land turtles
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giant tortoise of the Galapagos Islands
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largest living reptiles
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crocodilians
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types of crocodilians
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alligators, crocodiles, gavials
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the only species in its family and order
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tuatara
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third eye of tuatara located on the top of the head
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parietal eye
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large group of extinct creatures that resemble reptiles in some ways
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dinosaurs
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largest dinosaur
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sauropods
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bipedal dinosaurs with powerful lower legs, dangerous
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theropods
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group of dinosaurs including Triceratops
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ceratopians
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similar to dinosaurs but able to fly
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pterodactyls
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dinosaurlike sea creatures
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plesiosaurs
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coldblooded vertebrates that live both on land and in water
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amphibians
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three orders of living amphibians
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frogs and toads, salamanders, caecilians
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characteristics of amphibians
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diversity of structure; two pairs of limbs (mostly); oviparous (mostly) with a larval stage; no claws; breathe with gills during larval stage and with lungs as adults; three-chambered heart; poikilotherms
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leaping, tailless amphibians with smooth skin
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frogs
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leaping, tailless amphibians with rough, warty skin
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toads
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common usage of term toad
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land-living frogs and toads
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most common protection for frogs and toads
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camouflage
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branched pigment cells that control skin coloration in amphibians, reptiles, and fish
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chromatophores
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most well-known poisonous frogs
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arrow-poison frog
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how male helps female frog to expel eggs
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amplexus
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metamorphosis of a tadpole
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eggs hatch; tadpole clings to vegetation; tadpole develops longer tail and fin, starts to swim (breathing with gills); hind legs appear, then forelegs; tail begins to be reabsorbed; digestive system shortens; gills are replaced by lungs and gill slits close
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most prominent feature on a frog's head
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eyes
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most prominent feature in a frog's mouth
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long, protrusible tongue
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teeth extending from the roof of a frog's mouth
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vomerine teeth
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membrane that holds the pancreas in place
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mesentery
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amphibians resembling lizards but with the characteristics of amphibians
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salamanders
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gelatinous structure which holds salamander sperm
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spermatophore
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salamanders which remain in the water, breathing with gills, their whole lives
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paedomorphosis
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how lungless salamanders get air
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through cutaneous (through the skin) respiration supplemented by buccal (through the mouth) respiration
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how salamanders hear
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through the forelimbs and a muscle connected to the inner ear
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largest living amphibian
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Japanese giant salamander
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aquatic, nocturnal, paedomorphosic salamander common in the US
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mud puppy
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salamanders that are generally paedomorphosic but can transition if their water environment dries up
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axolotls
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terrestrials forms of certain salamanders
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efts
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aquatic form of the efts
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newts
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look like eels
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sirens
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wormlike amphibians
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caecilians
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