A Beka Biology Chapter 21

Front 1

soft-bodied, boneless water animals

Back 1

mollusks

Front 2

used by mollusks for locomotion

Back 2

visceral hump

Front 3

skin-like organ which covers a mollusk's visceral hump

Back 3

mantle

Front 4

univalves like snails, slugs, and whelks

Back 4

gastropods

Front 5

clams, mussels, oysters, and scallops

Back 5

bivalves

Front 6

squid, octopi, cuttlefish, chambered nautilus

Back 6

cephalophods

Front 7

name for edible clams, scallops, oysters, and clams

Back 7

shellfish

Front 8

three layers of a bivalve's shell

Back 8

hornlike outer layer, crystalline middle layer, pearly inner layer

Front 9

substance which forms the pearly layer

Back 9

nacre

Front 10

sheets of nacre built up around a foreign object

Back 10

pearl

Front 11

connects the two shells of a bivalve

Back 11

adductor muscles

Front 12

chamber in which a bivalve's gills are located

Back 12

mantle cavity

Front 13

takes water into the mantle cavity

Back 13

incurrent siphon

Front 14

passes water out of the mantle cavity

Back 14

excurrent siphon

Front 15

gastropods without shells

Back 15

slugs

Front 16

marine slugs

Back 16

nudibranches

Front 17

rough, file-like organ in the univalves' mouth that scrapes food and carries it into the digestive tract

Back 17

radula

Front 18

largest invertebrate

Back 18

giant squid

Front 19

cephalopod with eight tentacles studded with suction cups

Back 19

octopus

Front 20

only cephalopod with an external shell

Back 20

nautilus

Front 21

spiny-skinned animals

Back 21

echinoderms

Front 22

complex system of water-filled tubes throughout an echinoderm's body

Back 22

water-vascular system

Front 23

name for starfish arms

Back 23

rays

Front 24

found at the end of each starfish ray

Back 24

eyespot

Front 25

found on the underside of starfish rays, used for holding, moving, and opening the shells of prey

Back 25

tube feet

Front 26

center of starfish

Back 26

central disk

Front 27

microscopic invertebrates found in freshwater lakes and ponds

Back 27

rotifers

Front 28

number of cells in a rotifer

Back 28

500-1000

Front 29

eggs that can reproduce without fertilization

Back 29

parthenogenic

Front 30

stinging cells

Back 30

cnidocytes

Front 31

used by coelenterates to capture prey

Back 31

tentacles

Front 32

used by coelenterates to incapacitate or kill prey

Back 32

stinging cells

Front 33

two layers of cells in a coelenterate's body

Back 33

ectoderm, endoderm

Front 34

jellylike middle layer in a coelenterate

Back 34

mesoglea

Front 35

two body forms a coelenterate might have

Back 35

polyp, medusa

Front 36

cylindrical body type which is sessile and has an upward-facing mouth

Back 36

polyp

Front 37

free-swimming, umbrella-shaped body type with a downward-facing mouth

Back 37

medusa

Front 38

small freshwater coelenterate

Back 38

hydra

Front 39

free-swimming coelenterate with medusa body structure

Back 39

jellyfish

Front 40

large marine coelenterates with poly body

Back 40

sea anemone

Front 41

a colonial coelenterate

Back 41

coral

Front 42

vast limestone structures formed from the limestone cup at the base of coral

Back 42

coral reef

Front 43

always grow attached to some object in the water

Back 43

sponges

Front 44

the only multicellular animals which do not have at least a rudimentary nervous system

Back 44

sponges

Front 45

body opening or mouth in sponge

Back 45

osculum

Front 46

opening in sponge through which water leaves

Back 46

excurrent pore

Front 47

opening in sponge through which water enters

Back 47

incurrent pore

Front 48

inner layer of cells which line body cavity in the sponge

Back 48

collar cells

Front 49

crystalline support structures of the sponge

Back 49

spicules

Front 50

cylindrical bodies which are divided into many consecutive ringlike segments

Back 50

segmented worms

Front 51

common segmented worms

Back 51

earthworms, sea worms, leeches

Front 52

divides segments in segmented worms

Back 52

septum

Front 53

bristles on earthworms

Back 53

setae

Front 54

earthworm's 10 hearts

Back 54

aortic arches

Front 55

order of digestive tract for earthworm

Back 55

prostomium, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, intestine, anus

Front 56

earthworm's important role for soil

Back 56

waste enriches soil, tunnels aerate soil and improve water drainage

Front 57

coiled excretory tubes open at both ends that function like tiny kidneys

Back 57

nephridia

Front 58

largest class of segmented worms

Back 58

sea worms

Front 59

fleshy lobes on body segments of sea worm

Back 59

parapodia

Front 60

segmented worms with somewhat flattened bodies and suction disks at each end of their body

Back 60

leeches

Front 61

wormlike animals with flattened bodies

Back 61

`flatworms

Front 62

free-living flatworms which live as scavengers in ponds, streams, and lakes

Back 62

planarians

Front 63

light-sensitive parts of planarian's nervous system

Back 63

eyespots

Front 64

expels solid wastes from planarian

Back 64

excretory pores

Front 65

parasitic flatworms which live as parasites within snails, and later within man and domestic animals

Back 65

flukes

Front 66

most familiar fluke

Back 66

sheepliver fluke

Front 67

liver disease caused by fluke, gotten by eating raw or improperly cooked seafood

Back 67

clonorchiasis

Front 68

parasitic flatworms that live in their host's intestines

Back 68

tapeworms

Front 69

head of a tapeworm

Back 69

scolex

Front 70

nonsegmented animals with long, slender bodies covered by a thin cuticle

Back 70

roundworms

Front 71

four parasitic roundworms which affect man

Back 71

filaria worm, trichina worm, hookworm, ascaris worm

Front 72

swelling caused by lymph vessels blocked by filaria worms

Back 72

elephantiasis

Front 73

parasitic roundworms that live in the host's instestine and suck its blood

Back 73

hookworm

Front 74

disease caused by trichina worm, usually gotten by eating improperly cooked pork

Back 74

trichinosis

Front 75

tiny animal-like single-celled creatures

Back 75

protozoa

Front 76

thickened membrane which acts as a cell wall in a euglena

Back 76

pellicle

Front 77

whiplike filament which a euglena has

Back 77

flagellum

Front 78

the way a euglena moves (by changing body shape)

Back 78

euglenoid movement

Front 79

a euglena's asexual method of reproduction

Back 79

binary fission

Front 80

insect which transmits a parasitic flagellate to humans

Back 80

tsetse fly

Front 81

disease caused by tsetse fly

Back 81

African sleeping sickness

Front 82

protozoa with flexible bodies and the ability to change shape

Back 82

sarcodines

Front 83

most common sarcodine

Back 83

amoeba

Front 84

fingerlike projections an amoeba pushes out to move and uses to eat

Back 84

pseudopods

Front 85

parasitic sickness common where there is no sanitation

Back 85

amoebic dysentery

Front 86

protozoans that have calcium carbonate shells around them

Back 86

foraminifera

Front 87

protozoa with silica shells

Back 87

radiolaria

Front 88

hairlike projections on paramecium

Back 88

cilia

Front 89

large nucleus of a paramecium

Back 89

macronucleus

Front 90

small nucleus of a paramecium

Back 90

micronucleus

Front 91

outer layer of paramecium

Back 91

cortex or ectoplasm

Front 92

inner layer of paramecium

Back 92

endoplasm

Front 93

thick cell membrane of paramecium

Back 93

pellicle

Front 94

dartlike structures which a paramecium shoots out for protection or feeding

Back 94

trichocysts

Front 95

mouth cavity of paramecium

Back 95

oral groove

Front 96

where undigested food particles exit a paramecium

Back 96

anal pore

Front 97

two ways paramecia reproduce

Back 97

fission, conjugation

Front 98

spore-forming protozoa

Back 98

sporozoans

Front 99

one of the most common infectious diseases, caused by a sporozoa

Back 99

malaria