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144 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 m's of starting recip engine
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mixture, mags, master starter
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when to prime on start up
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after good rotation
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carb heat on off on start?
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off
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steps to shut down
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starve carbs for gas
kill mags ( NOOO hot mags) kill master |
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what to check before start radial engine
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check for liquid or hydraulic lock
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first check on turbine engine start up
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egt ( temp check) for hot start
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1st check on recip engine on start up
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oil pressure
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rating of ropes used to tie-down ac
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3000 lbs
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how to tie up ac
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out and back
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direction to tie down ac ( related to wind)
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nose into wind
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btu's per lb of avgas?
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20,000
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def. of octane rating
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how slow fuel burns
(higher= slower) |
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number/color id of avgas
115 100/130 HL 100/100 LL 80/87 |
purple
green blue red |
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octane vs performance #
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perf #= > 100 octane
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storage life of avgas?
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indefinite= not light distillants
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what does TEL (tetraethyllead) do to spark plugs?
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hard deposits
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why is TEL used in avgas?
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lubrication properties
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most common jet fuel?
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jet a
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btu's per lb of jet fuel?
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18,500
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refueling: how to ground ac
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delta ground
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fire extinguishing: types and id letters of fires
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A= combustibles (triangle)
B= liquids (rectangle) C= electrical (square) D= metals (star) |
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what Far pertains to mechanics and repairmen?
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CFR title 14 Ch1 Sub pt d Pt 65
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3 things log entries require?
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what was done
what it was done in accordance with how work was checked afterwards |
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difference between "overhaul" and "rebuilt"
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overhaul: to service standards
rebuilt: to "new" standards |
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def. of alteration:
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taking something and changing it
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def or repair:
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using original part, not replacing a part
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major repairs and alterations require what to filed with FAA?
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337 form
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following major rep and alt what can and A+ P do?
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returns to airworthy, cannot return to service
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after 100 hr insp what can A+P do?
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can certify plane is airworthy condition but not ret to service
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annual insp must be signed by who?
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IA
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far most important for A+P?
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43.13
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what year do all planes have tcds after?
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1958
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where can check list items be found for engine inspection?
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FAR 43 appdx d
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what is a master orifice/ diff. tester used for?
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compression test
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physics scientific method
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observe,generalize,theorize,test
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matter: can it be destroyed?
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matter cannot be created or destroyed, only changed
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absolute scale for celcius?
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Kelvin
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absolute scale for farenheit?
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rankine
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how does heat transfer?
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warmer to cooler
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3 ways equalizing heat transfer occurs?
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conduction,convection,radiation
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are heat and temp. the same?
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heat: total kinetic energy posessed by molecules of subst.
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2 ways to measure heat?
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calorie,btu
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define btu
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1 btu=amt of heat req'd to change 1lb of water 1 degree F.
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def. specific heat
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-efficiency of heat transfer
-quantity of heat reqd. to change the temp of a unit mass of the substance by 1 deg. |
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where to find spec. heat constants
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in tables
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latent heat: "hidden heat" where is it found?
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ref. system ( in refrigerant)
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what is sublimation:
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skipping of a state in a change in state: ( solid--> to gas)
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viscosity:
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measure of difficulty of flow
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cohesion:
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force that holds molecules together
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adhesion:
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force that exists between dissimlar molecules
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surface tension:
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forces at liquid surface are diff. than deep in liquid
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capillarity:
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drawing action
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density:
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the weight or mass per a fixed volume
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spec. gravity: is a measure against a standard, what is the standard?
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(liquids and solids) water ( gases use hydrogen)
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specific gravity of water =?
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1
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who discovered buoyancy?
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archimedes
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def. pascals law:
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in a closed system, an increase of pressure at any pt will produce an equal increase in the pressure at every pt in the liquid
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is there a diff. between force and pressure?
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yes
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in what region of atmosphere is nitrogen most prevalent?
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troposphere
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as altitude increases what happens to pressure?
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it decreases (1 psi per 2343 ft, 1" hg per 1000 ft)
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diff between psia and psig?
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0 psig = 14.7 psia
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to what bursting force must ac be built?
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245 tons
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safety factor is an equation using:
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bursting force and 1.33
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def. of standard atmosphere?
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40 deg. lat., sea level
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gravitational pull?
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32.174 ft/sec/sec
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def. absolute humidity?
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is the actual amt of of water vapor in a mixture of air and water
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def. relative humidity?
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is the ratio of the amount of water present in atmosphere to the amt. that would be present if the air were saturated
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def. dew point?
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temp to which humid air is cooled to become saturated.
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two ratios needed to for a wing to operate:
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lift>weight
thrust>drag |
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ideal gases law
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P1V1T2=P2V2T1
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boyles law:
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direct relationship b/t pressure and density as long as temp is constant
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charles law:
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gases expand and contract in direct proportion to the change in absolute temps when press. is constant
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6 simple machines:
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lever, pulley,wheel and axle, incline plane, screw,gears
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def. 1st class lever:
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fulcrum in middle equal dist b/t eff and resistance
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def. 2nd class lever:
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fulcrum at one end, resistance in middle and effort at end
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def. 3rd class lever:
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effort is b/t fulcrum and resistance
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def. mechanical advantage
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<1 tougher
>1 easier |
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effiency of machine=?
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output/input
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a single pulley is what kind of lever?
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1st class
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only get ma out of a pulley when?
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when it is moveable
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shorthand method to find ma of pulley set?
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count the ropes supporting the weight
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how is torque measured on screw jack?
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1" out, on shank
(ex. 4" out at 150lbs=600 lbs) |
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def. "effective pitch" of prop?
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dist. ac moves forward in one rotation
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def. geometric pitch of prop?
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dist. the prop would advance in a theatricals solid
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how to def. work?
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force x distance
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def. power?
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rate at which work is done
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3 kinds of energy?
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heat,mechanical,electrical
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def. hp?
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btu's per hr= hp
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def weight and balance?
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how much ac weighs, and where ac would balance on a fulcrum at level flight att.
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roll balance more or less imp than pitch bal?
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pitch bal most important
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two purposes of w and b?
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1st= safety
2nd= effiency |
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4 forces to balance in ac?
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lift,thrust,drag,weight
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def. chord?
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dist from leading edge, to trailing edge
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center of lift located where?
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produced by the wing 1/3 back from leading edge
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center of gravity located where?
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slightly ahead of c of lift
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cg should always be ahead of C of lift? t or F
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true ( forces nose heavy so that if stall occurs it can fly)
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what do we get using c of lift and c of gravity?
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operational range
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person with final authority over weight and balance
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Pilot in Command
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who gives pilot the w b starting point?
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ap tech
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first step to find we and bal
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find empty weight ( not found in tcds or manual.. "ready to fly with nothing extra"
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how to find moment:
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weight x arm
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where is arm length measured from?
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datum
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where is datum pt found?
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tcds
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def. basic op. weight?
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same as EW except crew and other things added
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oil req.'s
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<'78 not incl in ew, >'78 incl in ew
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def MAC
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mean aerodynamic chord
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def. max gross weight
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max weight an ac can fly with
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def. levelling means:
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means used to get ac in level flight att.
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def. net weight:
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payload +useful load
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def. useful load:
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max gross- net weight
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def. residual fuel:
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level flight att. with drains pulled
( not always same as unuseable) |
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unuseable fuel:
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least amt of fuel in tanks at which plane can no longer fly at any attitude
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def. METO
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maximum hp except for takeoff
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rotary ac controls
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collective, cyclic, anti-torque(pedals)
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we and bal more or less critical in rotorcraft?
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more critical
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how to det. min fuel?
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meto/2
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kinds of structural stress?
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tension-pull,compression-push,torsion-twist,bending,shear-cut
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kinds of structures?
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truss,monocoque,semi-monocoque
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def. non/ferrous:
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ferrous=iron content: magnetic
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two elements most comm. in earths crust:
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silicon, aluminum
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two processes used for alum. refining:
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bayer process
hall process |
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alum. begins with ?
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bauxite ore
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effects of alum alloys?
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copper=heat
manganese=strength silicon=weldability |
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steps of heat treat:
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heating,cooling,soaking
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what causes corrosion from heat treat?
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improper quenching
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def. annealing:
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making metal softer than whet it left factory
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how to turn pig iron into steel
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bissemer process
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sae class. of steels
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1st-all element,2nd-% of this element, % of 1% carbon
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def. hardening:
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critical temp then quench in cold water
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def. normalizing:
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critical temp then air cooling (ret. to as fab.'d state)
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def. tempering:
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softens edge,hard inside
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def. case hardening:
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harden outside, soften edge
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what is added to alum for strength?,steel?
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steel=carbon
alum=copper |
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tube bending maintain what % of original diam.?
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75%
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ac flaring degrees?
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37 deg
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adv of double flare?
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more concentric, less shearing action= better seal
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when is flareless used?
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high press. application
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colors of an fittings?
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alum=blue
steel=black ss= no color |
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scratches or nicks in fluid lines what reqds?
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no deeper than 1% of wall thickness
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dents in fluid lines what is reqd?
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<20% diam of tube
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corrosion between dissimilar metals how?
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one anodes one cathodes
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3 requirements for corrosion?
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potential difference
conductive path conductive chemical fluid |
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types of corrosion?
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oxidation,uniform surface,pitting,intergranular,exfoliation,concentration cell
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volume of byproduct less or greater than material itself?
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greater
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