5- Ferrous Metals And Alloys

Front 1

ferrous metals and alloys

Back 1

-most useful of all metals
-iron base
-classified as carbon and alloy steels, stainless steels, tool and die steels, cast irons, cast steels
-steel = ferrous alloy of carbon and steel

Front 2

applications of ferrous alloys

Back 2

-sheet metal for automobiles, appliances, containers
-plates for boilers, ships, bridges
-i-beams, crankshafts, rail-road rails
-tools, dies, molds
-rods and wire

Front 3

least expensive of all metals

Back 3

carbon steels

Front 4

what percent of structural components and and mechanical components do ferrous metals make up?

Back 4

70% by weight

Front 5

what percent of the average vehicle is made of steel?

Back 5

60% by weight

Front 6

the iron age

Back 6

started in 1100 BC when ironworking began

Front 7

3 basic materials used in iron and steelmaking

Back 7

iron ore, limestone, coke

Front 8

principle iron ores

Back 8

taconite (black flintlike rock), hematite (iron-oxide mineral), limonite (iron-oxide containing water)

Front 9

limestone

Back 9

calcium carbonate, function is to remove impurities from molten iron, acts as a flux that causes impurities to melt at low temperature, combined with impurities and forms slag

Front 10

flux

Back 10

to flow as a fluid

Front 11

slag

Back 11

which is light, used in making cement, fertilizers, glass

Front 12

dolomite

Back 12

an ore of calcium magnesium carbonate, also used as flux

Front 13

charging the furnace

Back 13

iron ore, limestone, and coke are dumped into the top of a blast furnace

Front 14

blast furnace

Back 14

large steel cylinder line with refractory (heat-resistant) brick, height of a 10-story building

Front 15

iron

Back 15

-mixture of iron ore, limestone, and coke is melted at 1650 degrees, and blasted into the furnace
-oxygen and carbon make carbon monoxide which reacts with iron oxide to produce iron

Front 16

pig iron

Back 16

= hot metal, molten metal removed from blast furnace

Front 17

origins of steel

Back 17

china, japan around 600 to 800 AD

Front 18

molten metal from blast furnace is placed into one what 3 types of furnaces?

Back 18

open-hearth, electric, basic oxygen

Front 19

open-hearth furnace

Back 19

mostly replaced by electric furnaces, shallow hearth shape open directly to flames that melt the metal

Front 20

electric furnace

Back 20

source of heat is a continuous electric arc that is formed between the electrodes and charged metal, temp as high as 1925 degrees, 3 graphite electrodes

Front 21

ladle

Back 21

receptacle used for pouring and transferring molten metal

Front 22

induction [furnaces]

Back 22

electric furnaces for smaller quanties

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crucible

Back 23

large pot made of refractory material and surrounded with a copper coil through which AC is passed

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basic-oxygen furnace

Back 24

BOF, fastest and most common in steelmaking
1. 200 tons of molten pig iron and 90 tons of scrap are charged into a vessel
2. pure oxygen is blown into furnace for 20 minutes through a water-cooled lance (long tube)
3. fluxing agents (lime) are added through a chute
4. agitation of the oxygen refines the molten metal by an oxidation process which produces iron oxide
5. oxide reacts with carbon in the molten metal producing carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
6. lance is retracted
7. slag is removed by tilting furnace

Front 25

vacuum furnace

Back 25

induction furnaces from which the air has been removed, produce high-quality steels