360 Chapter 6

Front 1

According to the levels-of-processing theory, preliminary processing is

Back 1

structural

Front 2

Orienting tasks are often used in memory studies because

Back 2

they help control the memory code formed by the subject

Front 3

Which finding describes the results of an experiment involving memory for unfamiliar faces, constructed from Identikits?

Back 3

People, initially shown undistorted faces, were more likely to recognize caricatures than the undistorted faces.

Front 4

If you are in a bad mood when you study, the way to maximize your test performance is to be in a bad mood when you take the test.

Back 4

True

Front 5

The encoding specificity principle states that

Back 5

the effectiveness of a retrieval cue depends upon the nature of the initial encoding

Front 6

Which word has the most orthographic distinctiveness?

Back 6

the written word afghan

Front 7

Which kind of distinctiveness is created by flashbulb memories?

Back 7

emotional distinctiveness

Front 8

A memory code is

Back 8

a representation for storing items in memory, such as the sound of a word that represents an object or action, or a visual image of that object or action

Front 9

In an experiment by Adams, subjects were initially provided with information that would help them solve riddles. Which theoretical concept explains why problem-oriented acquisition of this information was better than fact-oriented acquisition?

Back 9

transfer-appropriate processing

Front 10

Transfer-appropriate processing proposes that encoding the material should depend on

Back 10

how the material is used

Front 11

In many memory studies instead of asking a participant to learn things they are asked to make judgments about those things.

Back 11

Orienting tasks are important to control the kinds of memory codes formed.

Front 12

How information is encoded into memory is not relevant to subsequent retrieval.

Back 12

False

Front 13

Which of the following is an example of mood dependent memory? People who are in a sad mood at the time of recall should

Back 13

recall more if they were in a sad mood when they learned the material

Front 14

Encoding specificity is to ____ as transfer-appropriate processing is to ____

Back 14

retrieval strategies; encoding strategies c. fact-oriented; problem oriented

Front 15

Retrieval cues that differ from the original context work best.

Back 15

False

Front 16

Elaboration is easiest at which level of processing?

Back 16

semantic

Front 17

In the Craik and Tulving (1975) study where the time spent processing the information was varied, the results indicate

Back 17

time spent processing was less predictive of recall than level of processing

Front 18

The results of Craik and Tulving’s experiments supported the prediction that retention would progressively decrease as levels of processing changed from the ____ to the ____ to the ____ level

Back 18

semantic, phonemic, structural

Front 19

According to Craik and Lockhart, the reason rehearsal often results in learning is that

Back 19

he meaning of the material is usually considered

Front 20

Reliance solely on rote rehearsal does not necessarily result in encoding information into LTM

Back 20

True