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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Common causes of Allergic Rxns: |
Nuts, fish, & shellfish (fatalities) milk, soy wheat, eggs (children) antibiotics
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Pt comes in w/ large, itchy, red, irregular shaped spots (hives) on leg. Spots appeared about an hour ago & are starting to go down (transient). Dx? Tx? |
Urticaria
Tx: antihistamines |
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Pt presents w/ swollen lips. She recently started taking ACE inhibitors for hypertension. Dx? Tx? |
Angioedema
Tx: take off ACE (switch), give EPI, antihistamines, or glucocorticoids (although not very helpful) |
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If the previous patient also has stomach pain, what do you suspect?
how do you confirm? Tx? |
Hereditary Angioedema (HAE)
Confirm w/ : family history --> one parent will also have HAE (autosomal dominant) & C1-esterase Inhibitor levels --> will be low (deficiency)
Tx: IV Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP) & Commercial C1-INH )if available) |
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Pt comes into ER complaining of difficulty breathing & itchy hives. PE reveals severe hypotension (or shock), flushing, & urticaria (or angioedema). Dx? Tx? |
Anaphylaxis
Tx: Maintain ABCs & give epinephrine may also give antihistamines, glucosteroids Hospitalize pt 24 hrs & discharge w/ injectible EPI |
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In a stable patient, what can you test to possibly prevent further rxn? |
Skin Testing--> can be used to determine cause of IgE mediated allergies to suspected substances (Food, pets, etc) |
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__________bites cause central necrosis in fatty areas, these appear about 2-8 hours after bite & spread slowly, d/t release of cytotoxic venom that destroys cells.
Tx? |
Brown Recluse Spider Bite
Tx: usually observe, tx wound, give tetanus (not much you can do) |
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_______ bites cause abdominal pain (not tender to palpation but does appear boardlike), muscle spasms, leg cramps, & hypertension, d/t release of neurotoxic venom. (Pt likely has visible bite mark) Tx? |
Black Widow bite
Tx: wound tx, tetanus prophylaxis, IV diazepam or Lorazepam (for muscle spasms), Lactrodectus Antivenom (in severe cases, child or elder) *monitor for 2 hrs & send home |
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If a pregnant women is bitten by a black widow, what may occur? tx? |
abruptio placenta or fetal demise
tx: antivenom |
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___________ cause sharp burning pain at the site, mydriasis, nystagmus, hypersalivation, restlessness, dysphagia, followed by pruritis, erythema, & possible respiratory or cardiovacular failure (arrhythmia), d/t neurotoxic venom that causes over-excitation. Pt says it fells like an "electric current" tx? |
Scorpion (Centruroides exilicauda) sting
Tx: IV valium (muscle spasms & convusions) & supportive therapy, if very severe (esp children) give Antivenom (very expensive) |
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_______bites cause severe pain, swelling that progresses proximally, numbness, muscle twitching, rapid pulse, visual disturbances, followed by necrosis of skin, pulmonary edema & internal hemorrhage. It is very important to tx early! Tx? |
Rattlesnake bite
Tx: Antivenom (croFab), blood transfusion (hemorrage) Also do lab coagulation study (use compression bandages until antivenom given) |
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Rattlesnake venom causes ___________ leading to hemorrhage |
disruption of the coagulation mechanism |
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Swelling from rattlesnake bites can commonly progress to _____________ tx? |
Compartment Syndrome
Tx: monitor closely, may need to cut open swollen compartment |
