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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do contributions to speech differ between the two hemispheres?
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Left hemistphere: contributes to grammar and lexicon (word bank) of speech
Right hemisphere: Prosodic features of language: intonation, conveying emotion, nonverbal aspects |
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Which hemisphere is bigger?
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Left
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What does the Wada procedure demonstrate?
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Production of speech dominated by LEFT hemisphere
(majority of left-handed people also exhibit left-sided dominance for speech, but 15% exhibited right-sided speech dominance) |
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In terms of speech, what is the effect of stimulating the central sulcus? Is this effect seen bilaterally?
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Stimulate central sulcus-->vocalization or speech arrest
Effect is bilateral |
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In terms of speech, what is the effect of stimulating Broca's Area? Is this effect seen bilaterally?
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Aphasic arrest
Only seen on left side |
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What is aphasia?
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Partial or complete loss of language abilities, often without loss of other cognitive abilities
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Nonfluent vs Fluent aphasia in terms of:
Quantity of Speech Quality Production Phrase Length Melody Content Paraphasia Comprehension |
Nonfluent aphasia (Broca's):
sparse quantity dysarthric production (poor articulation) effortful production short phrase length melodic line is dysprosodic contnat is substantive only, no structure pharaphasia (fluent but error-prone speech, i.e., substituting words incorrectly) infrequent Comprehension spared Fluent Aphasia (Wernicke's) Normal quantity Normal quality Normal ease of production Normal or excessive phrase length Normal melodic line Content has no substance Frequent paraphasia (incorrect substn of words) Comprehension impaired |
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What is global aphasia?
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Broca's + Wernicke's aphasia
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How do brain areas utilized by sign language differ from the areas activated by spoken language?
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Sign language: bilateral activation of same areas
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Beyond Broca's and Wernicke's areas, what brain structures also result in aphasia when lesioned?
What determines the severity of the aphasia? |
Subcortical damage to thalamus, BG, can lead to aphasia
Severity strongly depends on degree of damage to underlying white matter and cortex outside of Broca's and Wernicke's areas |
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What is conduction aphasia? How is it caused?
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Conduction aphasia: epetition of words, trouble naming pictures and objects
It's a form of disconnection syndrome, i.e, lesion to the arcuate fasciulus (fibers connecting Broca and Wernicke's area) |
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What is alexia without agraphia? How is it caused?
Associated symptoms? |
Alexia without agraphia: inability to read, ability to write
Example of a disconnection syndrome. Caused by lesion to LEFT primary visual of cortex and splenium of corpus callosum (visual information can't get to Wernicke's area) Assoc Symptoms: RIGHT homonymous hemianopia, writing only seen by R hemisphere (disconnected from language barriers) |
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Descibe the path sensory/motor information takes when listening before speaking.
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Auditory Cortex-->
Wernicke's--> Angular Gyrus--> Arcuate Fasciulus--> Broca's Area--> Motor Cortex |
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Descibe the path sensory/motor information takes when reading before speaking.
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Primary Visual Cortex-->
Angular Gyrus--> Wernicke's & Arcuate Fasciuculus--> Broca's Area--> Motor Cortex |
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