Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name the catecholamines, both endogenous and synthetic. |
Endogenous: Dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine Synthetic: Dobutamine, isoprenaline |
|
|
Name the α1 selective agonists |
Oxymetazoline, phenylephrine, xylometazoline |
|
|
Name the α2 selective agonists |
Clonidine, methyldopa |
|
|
Name the non-subtype selective β-receptor agonists |
Ephedrine |
|
|
Name the β2 selective agonists. |
Formoterol, salbutamol/albuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline |
|
|
What type of receptor do α1, α2, β1 and β2 receptors have?
|
α1 - Gq-coupled α2 - Gi-coupled β1 - Gs-coupled β2 - Gs-coupled |
|
|
What are the functions of α1 receptors?
|
Vasoconstriction, salivation, pupil dilation, sphinchter contraction |
|
|
What are the functions of α2 receptors? |
α2 receptors are inhibitory and decrease the release of noradrenaline from nerve endings |
|
|
What are the functions of β1 receptors? |
Positive heart effects, renin release |
|
|
What are the functions of β2 receptors?
|
Vasodilation, bronchodilation |
|
|
What are the indications of noradrenaline? |
Severe hypotension |
|
|
What are the indications of adrenaline?
|
Cardiac arrest, anaphylactic shock, local anaesthetic solutions
|
|
|
What are the indications of dopamine? |
Shock |
|
|
What are the indications of dobutamine?
|
Cardiogenic shock |
|
|
What are the indications of isoprenaline? |
Bradycardia and heart block |
|
|
Which receptors does adrenaline have most activity on? |
Adrenaline has more effect on β than α adrenergic receptors. However, in high doses the α effects predominate. |
|
|
Which receptors does noradrenaline have most activity on? |
Mainly α1 and β1 receptor effects |
|
|
Which receptors does dobutamine have most activity on? |
Mainly β1 receptor effects |
|
|
Which receptors does isoprenaline have most activity on? |
Mainly and β receptor effects |
|
|
What is the dose of adrenaline in anaphylactic shock? |
0,25 - 1 mg |
|
|
What are the indications for phenylephrine, oxymetazoline and xylometazoline?
|
Nasal decongestant. Only for phenylephrine: Hypotension |
|
|
What is the mechanism of α1-mediated nasal decongestion? |
α1-selective agonists decreases the swelling in the nasal mucous membrane by vasoconstricting vessels in the mucous membrane. |
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of methyldopa and clonidine?
|
All α2-selective agonists decrease blood pressure by acting on α2-receptors in the vasomotor centre in the medulla oblongata |
|
|
What are the indications for methyldopa? |
Hypertension in pregnancy |
|
|
What are the indications for clonidine? |
ADHD, hypertension |
|
|
What are the indications of ephedrine?
|
Nasal congestion, haemorrhoids, hypotension, nocturnal enuresis and to produce mydriasis. |
|
|
What is the mechanism of action of ephedrine? |
Ephedrine is an indirectly acting sympathomimetic, however it has some direct effects on β receptors as well. |
|
|
What are the indications for salbutamol, formeterol, salmeterol and terbutaline? |
Asthma, relaxation of the uterus |
|
|
Which β2 agonists are short acting? |
Salbutamol/albuterol and terbutaline |
|
|
Which β2 agonists are long acting? |
Formoterol and salmeterol |
|
|
Which β2 agonist has much slower onset of action than the others?
|
Salmeterol (30 minutes vs 1 - 5 minutes) |
