11.1 11.2 11.3 Biodiversity

Front 1

Biodiversity

Back 1

Variety of living organisms present in an area

Front 2

Ecosystem

Back 2

All interacting living organisms and non living conditions in an area

Front 3

Why biodiversity is important?

Back 3

Maintaining balanced ecosystem for all organisms as all species are interconnect

Front 4

Different type of biodiversity

Back 4

Habitat biodiversity- number of different habitats within area

Species biodiversity

Generic biodiversity- variety of gene that make up species

Front 5

Two type of species biodiversity

Back 5

Species richness- number of different species in area

Species evenness- relative abundance of each species in an area

Front 6

Why is genetic biodiversity good ?

Back 6

different alleles so increase chance for adaption to changing environment

Front 7

Abundance of organism

Back 7

Number of individuals of species present in an area

Front 8

Process for random sampling

Back 8

Mark out grid using two tape measures at right angles

Use random number generator to determine coordinates and place down quadrant

Count number of individuals in quadrant

Front 9

Stratified sampling

Back 9

Habitat divided into strata based on characteristics and random sample taken from each strata proportional to size

Front 10

Systemic sampling is used for

Back 10

Study distribution and abundance of organisms changes across changing environment

From ocean to the sand of beach

Front 11

How to take systemic sampling?

Back 11

Line transect - marking line along ground between two poles and taking sample at specific point

Belt transect - two parallel lines marked and sample taken from area between two lines

Front 12

Reduce sampling bias by

Reduced bias due to chance by

Back 12

Using random sampling

Using large sample size

Front 13

Sampling method for animals

Back 13

Pooter, sweep nets, pitfall traps, tree beating, kick sampling, light traps

Front 14

What pooter catch and how does it work?

Back 14

Small insects by sucking on mouthpiece so insect drawn into holding chamber

Front 15

What do sweep nets sample?

Back 15

Sample insects in areas of long grass

Front 16

What do pit fall traps catch and how?

Back 16

Catch small crawling invertebrates by dugging holes in ground to fall into

Front 17

What do tree beating catch and how?

Back 17

Invertebrates living un tree and bush by shaking tree to dislodge animal into white sheet

Front 18

What do kick sampling catch and how?

Back 18

Organism in river by kicking river bank to disturb substrate and holding net downstream

Front 19

What do light trap catch and how?

Back 19

Nocturnal flying insects attracted towards light

Front 20

Sampling method for plants

Back 20

Point quadrant , frame quadrant

Front 21

How does point quadrant work?

Back 21

Measure species of plant that pin touches and calculate percentage cover

% cover = number of hits / total number of pins * 100

Front 22

How to count large plants ?

Back 22

density by counting individual large plants in 1m by 1 m square quadrant

Frequency of occurrence - count number of square species is present

Front 23

How to count grass?

Back 23

Percentage cover - count number of squares fully occupied by plant

Front 24

How to estimate population size ?

Back 24

Using capture mark release recapture

Population size = (no of organisms in first sample * no of organisms in second sample) / no of marked organisms captured

Front 25

Assumptions made while using capture mark release recapture method

Back 25

Marking does not disadvantage individual

Marked individual mix completely back into population

No immigration

No birth or death