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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Scientific study of heredity
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Genetics
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Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form anew cell
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Fertilization
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Term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate
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True-breeding
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Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another
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Trait
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Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
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Hybrid
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Sequence of Dna that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
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Gene
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One of a number of different forms of a gene
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Allele
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Separation of alleles during gamete formation
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Segregation
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Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
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Gamete
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Likelihood that a particular event will occur
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Probability
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Diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross
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Punnet Square
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Term used to refer to an organism that ahs two different alleles for the same trait
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Heterozygous
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Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait
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Homozygous
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Physical characteristics of an organism
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Phenotype
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Genetic makeup of an organism
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Genotype
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Pathogen
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- Disease-causing agent
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Vaccine
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- A preparation of weakened or killed pathogens
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Antibiotic
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- Compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
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Viroid
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- Single-stranded RNA molecule that has no surrounding capsids
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Prion
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- Infectious particle made up of protein rather than RNA or DNA
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Bacteriophage
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- Virus that infects bacteria
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Lytic infection
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- Process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself and causes the cell to burst
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Lysogenic infection
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-Process by which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and is replicated along with the host cell's DNA
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Prophage
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- The viral DNA that is embedded in the host cell's DNA
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Retrovirus
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- virus that contains RNA as its genetic information
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Capsid
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- Outer protein coat of a virus
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