106 First Aid And Field Sanitation Fundamentals

Front 1

Nine general first aid rules

Back 1

Get Organized,

Make a preliminary exam in place victim found

Multi-victim, limit assessment to ABCs of basic life support’

Examine pt for fractures

Expose pt to know extent of injury

Keep victim reassured and comfortable

Avoid touching open wounds or burns unless necessary

Position unconscious or Semiconscious Victim on side or back

Always Carry a little feet first

Front 2

Triage

Back 2

French for “To sort”, process of quickly assessing pt and assigning priority to receive further care

Front 3

Tactical Sorting

Back 3

Class I - Minor treatment

Class II - Immediate life-sustaining treatment

Class III - can be delayed

Class IV - Require extensive treatment beyond immediate medical capabilities

Front 4

Non tactical Sorting

Back 4

Priority I - correctable life-threatening illness

Priority II - serious illness

Priority III - Minor injury

Priority IV - Dead or fatally injured

Front 5

Primary Survey

Back 5

Rapid initial assessment to detect and treat life-threatening conditions

Front 6

Secondary Survey

Back 6

Complete and detailed assessment consisting of a subjective interview and an objective examination

Front 7

In-processes

Back 7

ABCDE stents, status, and transport decisions should be made within 10 minutes of your arrival on the scene

Front 8

Shock control

Back 8

Essence of shock control and prevention is the recognize the onset of the condition and to start treatment before the symptoms fully develop

Front 9

Early signs of shock

Back 9

Restlessness and apprehension, followed by apathy

Front 10

Pulse rate in shock

Back 10

Can be 140 or higher in hemorrhagic sock, but below 60 in neurogenic shock

Front 11

Pressure Dressing

Back 11

Best way to control bleeding is by applying a compress to the wound and exerting pressure directing to the wound.

Front 12

Pressure points

Back 12

Controls bleeding by applying pressure to the appropriate pressure point.

Front 13

Tourniquets

Back 13

Constructing band that is used to cut off the supply of blood to an injured limb. Use as a last resort and if control of hemorrhage by other methods fail

Front 14

Head Wounds

Back 14

Never give any medications, keep victim laying flat, head above body, watch for vomiting at position head to avoid aspiration. Do not use direct pressure to control hemorrhage if the skull is depressed or obviously fractured

Front 15

Facial wounds

Back 15

Make sure nothing blocks the airway, do not attempt to remove objects embedded in the eyeball

Front 16

Chest Wounds

Back 16

Must be considered serious injuries. Sucking chest wound should be set up in Fowler’s or semi-fowler’s and not given anything to drink

Front 17

Abdominal wounds

Back 17

Major emergency. Concentrate on transporting pt to next echelon of care. Do not attempt to push the intestines back in or to manipulate them in any way and do not give anything to drink or eat

Front 18

Forearm fracture

Back 18

Pneumatic split if possible, if not, one splint on top and bottom, bandaged in place. Sling forearm across the chest, palm in, thumb up, hand 4 inches above the elbow.

Front 19

Humorous fracture

Back 19

Fix near shoulder- pad armpit and secure arm to body, support forearm in a sling.

Middle of arm- one splint on outside of arm from shoulder to elbow, splint to body and support forearm in sling.

At or near elbow- leave the arm in place found and splint carefully.

Front 20

Femur fracture

Back 20

Two splints one outside and one inside leg, fastened in five places: Around the ankle, over the knee, just below the hip, around the pelvis, and just below the armpit. Do not move the pt until leg is immobilized

Front 21

Tib/Fib Fracture

Back 21

Three splints, one on each size, and one underneath

Front 22

Clavicle fracture

Back 22

Injured shoulder will sit lower, apply a sling and swath splint, similar to a forearm fracture.

Front 23

Rib fracture

Back 23

Not usually splinted. If splinting in necessary, swathe arm on injured side against chest at a 45 degree angle

Front 24

First degree Burn

Back 24

Epidermis is irritated red and tingling. Heals within one week

Front 25

First degree Burn

Back 25

Epidermis is irritated red and tingling. Heals within one week

Front 26

Second Degree burn

Back 26

extends into but not through dermis, 2 to 3 weeks to heal

Front 27

First degree Burn

Back 27

Epidermis is irritated red and tingling. Heals within one week

Front 28

Second Degree burn

Back 28

extends into but not through dermis, 2 to 3 weeks to heal

Front 29

Third degree burn

Back 29

Full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissue or even bone. Tissues and nerves burned, skin grafts may be necessary

Front 30

First degree Burn

Back 30

Epidermis is irritated red and tingling. Heals within one week

Front 31

Second Degree burn

Back 31

extends into but not through dermis, 2 to 3 weeks to heal

Front 32

Third degree burn

Back 32

Full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissue or even bone. Tissues and nerves burned, skin grafts may be necessary

Front 33

First aid for burns

Back 33

Remove constricting articles, cover pure with clean dry dressings, do not remove adhered clothing, start IV with electrolytes for serious burns

Front 34

First degree Burn

Back 34

Epidermis is irritated red and tingling. Heals within one week

Front 35

Second Degree burn

Back 35

extends into but not through dermis, 2 to 3 weeks to heal

Front 36

Third degree burn

Back 36

Full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissue or even bone. Tissues and nerves burned, skin grafts may be necessary

Front 37

First aid for burns

Back 37

Remove constricting articles, cover pure with clean dry dressings, do not remove adhered clothing, start IV with electrolytes for serious burns

Front 38

Aid station care for burns

Back 38

Monitor input and output, shave hair away from burn area and cleanse.

Give booster of tetanus toxoid, start topical antibiotic if transport will be delayed for 2 or more days

Front 39

First degree Burn

Back 39

Epidermis is irritated red and tingling. Heals within one week

Front 40

Second Degree burn

Back 40

extends into but not through dermis, 2 to 3 weeks to heal

Front 41

Third degree burn

Back 41

Full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissue or even bone. Tissues and nerves burned, skin grafts may be necessary

Front 42

First aid for burns

Back 42

Remove constricting articles, cover pure with clean dry dressings, do not remove adhered clothing, start IV with electrolytes for serious burns

Front 43

Aid station care for burns

Back 43

Monitor input and output, shave hair away from burn area and cleanse.

Give booster of tetanus toxoid, start topical antibiotic if transport will be delayed for 2 or more days

Front 44

Heat cramps

Back 44

Excessive sweating leads to cramps on abdomen legs and arms, caused by loss of salt and water, treat with cool water with 1 teaspoon of salt

Front 45

First degree Burn

Back 45

Epidermis is irritated red and tingling. Heals within one week

Front 46

Second Degree burn

Back 46

extends into but not through dermis, 2 to 3 weeks to heal

Front 47

Third degree burn

Back 47

Full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissue or even bone. Tissues and nerves burned, skin grafts may be necessary

Front 48

First aid for burns

Back 48

Remove constricting articles, cover pure with clean dry dressings, do not remove adhered clothing, start IV with electrolytes for serious burns

Front 49

Aid station care for burns

Back 49

Monitor input and output, shave hair away from burn area and cleanse.

Give booster of tetanus toxoid, start topical antibiotic if transport will be delayed for 2 or more days

Front 50

Heat cramps

Back 50

Excessive sweating leads to cramps on abdomen legs and arms, caused by loss of salt and water, treat with cool water with 1 teaspoon of salt

Front 51

Heat exhaustion

Back 51

Most common heat injury. Causes weakness’s dizziness, headache, nausea. Apply wet cool cloths to head, axilla, groin, and ankles, do not allow victim to become chilled

Front 52

First degree Burn

Back 52

Epidermis is irritated red and tingling. Heals within one week

Front 53

Second Degree burn

Back 53

extends into but not through dermis, 2 to 3 weeks to heal

Front 54

Third degree burn

Back 54

Full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissue or even bone. Tissues and nerves burned, skin grafts may be necessary

Front 55

First aid for burns

Back 55

Remove constricting articles, cover pure with clean dry dressings, do not remove adhered clothing, start IV with electrolytes for serious burns

Front 56

Aid station care for burns

Back 56

Monitor input and output, shave hair away from burn area and cleanse.

Give booster of tetanus toxoid, start topical antibiotic if transport will be delayed for 2 or more days

Front 57

Heat cramps

Back 57

Excessive sweating leads to cramps on abdomen legs and arms, caused by loss of salt and water, treat with cool water with 1 teaspoon of salt

Front 58

Heat exhaustion

Back 58

Most common heat injury. Causes weakness’s dizziness, headache, nausea. Apply wet cool cloths to head, axilla, groin, and ankles, do not allow victim to become chilled

Front 59

Heat Stroke

Back 59

20% mortality rate, cause by body temperature rising to 105 degrees F or higher, pt may be flushed hot, and dry.

Immersion in cool water is most effective. Discontinue cooling when core temp reaches 102, check every 10 minutes

Front 60

First degree Burn

Back 60

Epidermis is irritated red and tingling. Heals within one week

Front 61

Second Degree burn

Back 61

extends into but not through dermis, 2 to 3 weeks to heal

Front 62

Third degree burn

Back 62

Full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissue or even bone. Tissues and nerves burned, skin grafts may be necessary

Front 63

First aid for burns

Back 63

Remove constricting articles, cover pure with clean dry dressings, do not remove adhered clothing, start IV with electrolytes for serious burns

Front 64

Aid station care for burns

Back 64

Monitor input and output, shave hair away from burn area and cleanse.

Give booster of tetanus toxoid, start topical antibiotic if transport will be delayed for 2 or more days

Front 65

Heat cramps

Back 65

Excessive sweating leads to cramps on abdomen legs and arms, caused by loss of salt and water, treat with cool water with 1 teaspoon of salt

Front 66

Heat exhaustion

Back 66

Most common heat injury. Causes weakness’s dizziness, headache, nausea. Apply wet cool cloths to head, axilla, groin, and ankles, do not allow victim to become chilled

Front 67

Heat Stroke

Back 67

20% mortality rate, cause by body temperature rising to 105 degrees F or higher, pt may be flushed hot, and dry.

Immersion in cool water is most effective. Discontinue cooling when core temp reaches 102, check every 10 minutes

Front 68

Hypothermia

Back 68

Caused by continued exposure to low or rapidly falling temps, cold moisture, snow, or ice. Death results when core temp approaches 80 degrees F.

Best treated with immersion in warm water (100 to 105 F). Buddy warming is next best

Front 69

First degree Burn

Back 69

Epidermis is irritated red and tingling. Heals within one week

Front 70

Second Degree burn

Back 70

extends into but not through dermis, 2 to 3 weeks to heal

Front 71

Third degree burn

Back 71

Full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissue or even bone. Tissues and nerves burned, skin grafts may be necessary

Front 72

First aid for burns

Back 72

Remove constricting articles, cover pure with clean dry dressings, do not remove adhered clothing, start IV with electrolytes for serious burns

Front 73

Aid station care for burns

Back 73

Monitor input and output, shave hair away from burn area and cleanse.

Give booster of tetanus toxoid, start topical antibiotic if transport will be delayed for 2 or more days

Front 74

Heat cramps

Back 74

Excessive sweating leads to cramps on abdomen legs and arms, caused by loss of salt and water, treat with cool water with 1 teaspoon of salt

Front 75

Heat exhaustion

Back 75

Most common heat injury. Causes weakness’s dizziness, headache, nausea. Apply wet cool cloths to head, axilla, groin, and ankles, do not allow victim to become chilled

Front 76

Heat Stroke

Back 76

20% mortality rate, cause by body temperature rising to 105 degrees F or higher, pt may be flushed hot, and dry.

Immersion in cool water is most effective. Discontinue cooling when core temp reaches 102, check every 10 minutes

Front 77

Hypothermia

Back 77

Caused by continued exposure to low or rapidly falling temps, cold moisture, snow, or ice. Death results when core temp approaches 80 degrees F.

Best treated with immersion in warm water (100 to 105 F). Buddy warming is next best

Front 78

Immersion Foot

Back 78

Caused by prolonged exposure to wet cold temps ranging from just above freezing to 50 F.

Remove wet clothing from area and expose to dry warm air, do not rupture blisters or apply salves

Front 79

First degree Burn

Back 79

Epidermis is irritated red and tingling. Heals within one week

Front 80

Frost Bite

Back 80

Occurs when ice crystals form in soft tissue after exposure to temps 32 F or lower

Front 81

Second Degree burn

Back 81

extends into but not through dermis, 2 to 3 weeks to heal

Front 82

Third degree burn

Back 82

Full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissue or even bone. Tissues and nerves burned, skin grafts may be necessary

Front 83

First aid for burns

Back 83

Remove constricting articles, cover pure with clean dry dressings, do not remove adhered clothing, start IV with electrolytes for serious burns

Front 84

Aid station care for burns

Back 84

Monitor input and output, shave hair away from burn area and cleanse.

Give booster of tetanus toxoid, start topical antibiotic if transport will be delayed for 2 or more days

Front 85

Heat cramps

Back 85

Excessive sweating leads to cramps on abdomen legs and arms, caused by loss of salt and water, treat with cool water with 1 teaspoon of salt

Front 86

Heat exhaustion

Back 86

Most common heat injury. Causes weakness’s dizziness, headache, nausea. Apply wet cool cloths to head, axilla, groin, and ankles, do not allow victim to become chilled

Front 87

Heat Stroke

Back 87

20% mortality rate, cause by body temperature rising to 105 degrees F or higher, pt may be flushed hot, and dry.

Immersion in cool water is most effective. Discontinue cooling when core temp reaches 102, check every 10 minutes

Front 88

Hypothermia

Back 88

Caused by continued exposure to low or rapidly falling temps, cold moisture, snow, or ice. Death results when core temp approaches 80 degrees F.

Best treated with immersion in warm water (100 to 105 F). Buddy warming is next best

Front 89

Immersion Foot

Back 89

Caused by prolonged exposure to wet cold temps ranging from just above freezing to 50 F.

Remove wet clothing from area and expose to dry warm air, do not rupture blisters or apply salves

Front 90

First degree Burn

Back 90

Epidermis is irritated red and tingling. Heals within one week

Front 91

Frost Bite

Back 91

Occurs when ice crystals form in soft tissue after exposure to temps 32 F or lower

Front 92

Superficial Frostbite

Back 92

Surface of the skin will feel hard but underlying tissues soft and moves over bone

Front 93

Second Degree burn

Back 93

extends into but not through dermis, 2 to 3 weeks to heal

Front 94

Third degree burn

Back 94

Full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissue or even bone. Tissues and nerves burned, skin grafts may be necessary

Front 95

First aid for burns

Back 95

Remove constricting articles, cover pure with clean dry dressings, do not remove adhered clothing, start IV with electrolytes for serious burns

Front 96

Aid station care for burns

Back 96

Monitor input and output, shave hair away from burn area and cleanse.

Give booster of tetanus toxoid, start topical antibiotic if transport will be delayed for 2 or more days

Front 97

Heat cramps

Back 97

Excessive sweating leads to cramps on abdomen legs and arms, caused by loss of salt and water, treat with cool water with 1 teaspoon of salt

Front 98

Heat exhaustion

Back 98

Most common heat injury. Causes weakness’s dizziness, headache, nausea. Apply wet cool cloths to head, axilla, groin, and ankles, do not allow victim to become chilled

Front 99

Heat Stroke

Back 99

20% mortality rate, cause by body temperature rising to 105 degrees F or higher, pt may be flushed hot, and dry.

Immersion in cool water is most effective. Discontinue cooling when core temp reaches 102, check every 10 minutes

Front 100

Hypothermia

Back 100

Caused by continued exposure to low or rapidly falling temps, cold moisture, snow, or ice. Death results when core temp approaches 80 degrees F.

Best treated with immersion in warm water (100 to 105 F). Buddy warming is next best

Front 101

Immersion Foot

Back 101

Caused by prolonged exposure to wet cold temps ranging from just above freezing to 50 F.

Remove wet clothing from area and expose to dry warm air, do not rupture blisters or apply salves

Front 102

First degree Burn

Back 102

Epidermis is irritated red and tingling. Heals within one week

Front 103

Frost Bite

Back 103

Occurs when ice crystals form in soft tissue after exposure to temps 32 F or lower

Front 104

Superficial Frostbite

Back 104

Surface of the skin will feel hard but underlying tissues soft and moves over bone

Front 105

Deep Frostbite

Back 105

Freezing reaches into the deep tissue layers. Thaw clothing before removing, reward in warm water

Front 106

Second Degree burn

Back 106

extends into but not through dermis, 2 to 3 weeks to heal

Front 107

Third degree burn

Back 107

Full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissue or even bone. Tissues and nerves burned, skin grafts may be necessary

Front 108

First aid for burns

Back 108

Remove constricting articles, cover pure with clean dry dressings, do not remove adhered clothing, start IV with electrolytes for serious burns

Front 109

Aid station care for burns

Back 109

Monitor input and output, shave hair away from burn area and cleanse.

Give booster of tetanus toxoid, start topical antibiotic if transport will be delayed for 2 or more days

Front 110

Heat cramps

Back 110

Excessive sweating leads to cramps on abdomen legs and arms, caused by loss of salt and water, treat with cool water with 1 teaspoon of salt

Front 111

Heat exhaustion

Back 111

Most common heat injury. Causes weakness’s dizziness, headache, nausea. Apply wet cool cloths to head, axilla, groin, and ankles, do not allow victim to become chilled

Front 112

Heat Stroke

Back 112

20% mortality rate, cause by body temperature rising to 105 degrees F or higher, pt may be flushed hot, and dry.

Immersion in cool water is most effective. Discontinue cooling when core temp reaches 102, check every 10 minutes

Front 113

Hypothermia

Back 113

Caused by continued exposure to low or rapidly falling temps, cold moisture, snow, or ice. Death results when core temp approaches 80 degrees F.

Best treated with immersion in warm water (100 to 105 F). Buddy warming is next best

Front 114

Immersion Foot

Back 114

Caused by prolonged exposure to wet cold temps ranging from just above freezing to 50 F.

Remove wet clothing from area and expose to dry warm air, do not rupture blisters or apply salves

Front 115

Iodine tablets

Back 115

Add One tab for clean water, two for cloudy to canteen, place cap and wait 5, shake, loosen cap and leak water over threads, tighten and wait another 35 minutes

Front 116

Iodine tablets

Back 116

Add One tab for clean water, two for cloudy to canteen, place cap and wait 5, shake, loosen cap and leak water over threads, tighten and wait another 35 minutes

Front 117

Methods of purifying water

Back 117

Iodine tablets

Calcium hypochlorite

Boiling

Front 118

Iodine tablets

Back 118

Add One tab for clean water, two for cloudy to canteen, place cap and wait 5, shake, loosen cap and leak water over threads, tighten and wait another 35 minutes

Front 119

Methods of purifying water

Back 119

Iodine tablets

Calcium hypochlorite

Boiling

Front 120

Cat hole

Back 120

1ft by 1ft, pack down after each use

Front 121

Iodine tablets

Back 121

Add One tab for clean water, two for cloudy to canteen, place cap and wait 5, shake, loosen cap and leak water over threads, tighten and wait another 35 minutes

Front 122

Methods of purifying water

Back 122

Iodine tablets

Calcium hypochlorite

Boiling

Front 123

Cat hole

Back 123

1ft by 1ft, pack down after each use

Front 124

Straddle trench

Back 124

4ft long, 2 1/2 feed deep, 1ft wide, 1-3 day use at bivouac sites

Front 125

Iodine tablets

Back 125

Add One tab for clean water, two for cloudy to canteen, place cap and wait 5, shake, loosen cap and leak water over threads, tighten and wait another 35 minutes

Front 126

Methods of purifying water

Back 126

Iodine tablets

Calcium hypochlorite

Boiling

Front 127

Cat hole

Back 127

1ft by 1ft, pack down after each use

Front 128

Straddle trench

Back 128

4ft long, 2 1/2 feed deep, 1ft wide, 1-3 day use at bivouac sites

Front 129

Casualty carries

Back 129

Fireman;a carry

One-man support

One-man arms

Saddleback

Pack strap

Pistol-belt

Improvised stretcher