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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hep's that cause chronic infection
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B, C, D
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Only DNA Hep virus
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HBV (Hepadnavirus)
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Hep's spread via Fecal/Oral
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A and E
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HAV is classified as this virus
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Enterovirus 72
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HAV will pass through the __1__ and spread to the Liver
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GI mucosa
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Incubation for HAV
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25 days
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HAV vaccine type
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killed virus
(RIP-A) |
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2 diagnostic tests for HAV
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1. elevated liver enzymes
2. acute hepatitis with IgM |
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Most common cause of Acute Hepatitis
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HBV
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Most common cause of Chronic Hepatitis
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HCV
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Primary cause of damage in Hepatitis
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Host Immune response -> CTL
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Trasmission of HBV
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Percutaneous
Sex |
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Incubation for HBV
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2-6 months
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Reservoir for HBV
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Man
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HBV infection can go 3 possible disease routes
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1. acute hep with resolution and lifelong immunity
2. Fulminant Hep -> death 3. chronic Hep |
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Can HBV be cultured?
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NOPE
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Markers that stay elevated in Chronic HBV infection
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1. ALT
2. HBV DNA 3. HBeAg 4. Anti-HBcAg 5. HBsAg |
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Histology of Chronic Persistent Hepatitis
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Inflammatory NODULE in Portal Triad
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Histology of Chronic Active Hepatitis
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Extensive Inflammatory cells and loss of Hepatic Lobular Architecture
Degeneration of Hepatocytes |
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Histology of Chronic Hepatitis with Cirrhosis
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Hepatocellular nodules and dense fibrous septa
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Most important predictor of the course of chronic hepatitis
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Liver biopsy
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HDV is associated exclusively with ________
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HBV infection
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Type of infection that increase HDV infection
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Superinfection: HBV first and then HDV
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HCV is referred to as this
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Posttransfusion non A, non B
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# of HCV genotyes and most common one
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6
Type 1 |
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Diagnosis of HCV
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Serology
PCR |
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Serology markers always present in Chronic HCV infection
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1. ALT, bilirubin
2. HCV RNA 3. Anti-HCV |
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% that have only acute HCV infection
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30-50
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% that have Chronic HCV
% that get Cirrhosis % that develop HCC |
50-70
20-35 2-5 |
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HEV incubation period
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3-6 weeks
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Hightened HEV mortality rate in this group of people
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Pregnant women
*E-xpecting mothers >20% |
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Transmittance of HEV
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fecal-oral
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Primary infection of HIV has these symptoms
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Rash
Lymphadenopathy Aseptic Meningitis |
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Diagnosis of HIV is usually made by recurrent infections such as... (2)
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Thrush
Herpes Zoster (shingles) |
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Explain Diagnosis of HIV
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HIV antibody test then Western Blot to confirm
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Histology of HIV encephalopathy
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-MNGC's
-Microglial nodules |
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HTLV-1 disease
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Adult T-cell Leukemia
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Diagnosis of HTLV-1
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Serology
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Poliomyelitis is due to infection of the __1__ of the spinal cord or brain stem
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Motor Neurons
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Polio was a serious problem during this time
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1940's and 1950's
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Poliovirus can progress to these 3 things
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1. poliomyelitis
2. Meningitis 3. Encephalitis |
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Histology of Poliomyelitis
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1. destruction of neurons
2. INFLAMMATORY infiltrate 3. microglial nodules 4. perivascular cuffing |
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Diagnosis of Coxsackie Aseptic Meningitis
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PCR of CSF
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Pathology of Coxsackie viruses
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Infect and LYSE host cells
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Histology of Coxsackie Aseptic Meningitis
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1. Vacuolated macrophages
2. high Lymphocytes 3. no/low PMN's |
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Enteroviruses cause a typical macular rash on these parts of body of infected child
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Head and Trunk
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Echoviruses are associated with these diseases
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Meningitis
Paresis/Paralysis Rash |
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______caused a pandemic in 1955-1960 that resembled polio outbreak
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Echovirus 9
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Causes Aseptic Meningitis with HERPANGINA and vesicles on hands and feet
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Enterovirus 71
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Hand, foot and mouth disease agents
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Coxsackie A and B
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Herpangina agent
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Coxsackie A
*Herpangin-A |
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HFMD:
-Age group: 1 -Time of year: 2 |
1. young adults
2. Spring/Summer |
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Host for Rabies
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wide range of animals
*especially BATS |
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When the Rabies virus reaches the brainstem it ______ the neurons
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destroys
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Rabies results in these symptoms
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Spasms of Throat (hydrophobia)
Irritability Agitation Seizures |
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Rabies Pathology:
Virus ascends to the CNS via the _____ |
peripheral nerves
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Histological feature Rabies
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Eosinophilic perinuclear NEGRI BODIES
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JC virus is of this family
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Papova (polyoma)
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JC virus is associated with this disease
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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
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Describe PML
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Rare, fatal, subacute DEMYELINATING disease of CNS
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JC virus is of this family
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Papova (polyoma)
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JC virus is associated with this disease
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Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
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Describe PML
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Rare, fatal, subacute DEMYELINATING disease of CNS
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Histology of PML
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1. demyelinated foci
2. atypical ASTROCYTES and OLIGODENDROCYTES 3. Intranuclear inclusions |
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2 Arboviral diseases
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1. Encephalitis
2. Hemorrhagic fevers |
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Arboviral Infection that can result in death or permanent neuro deficits
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EEE
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Arboviruses that cause Hemorrhagic Disease (6)
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1. Hanta
2. Crimean-congo HF 3. Lassa 4. Marburg/Ebola 5. Dengue 6. Yellow |
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Dengue:
-# of serotypes: 1 -Vector: 2 -Endemic in: 3 -Incubation period: 4 |
1. 4
2. Aedes 3. caribbean, asia, c. ameri 4. 3-7 days |
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Clinical signs Dengue
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fever
myalgia headache Eye pain Bone and back pain |
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1st virus associated with mosquito transmission
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yellow fever
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Yellow fever:
-after exposure illness begins within __1__ -primary symptoms: __2__ -Hemorrhagic symptoms start with __3__ and __4__. -Death is usually within __5__ -Organs most commonly affected: __6__ |
1. 3-6
2. sudden fever, rigors, heachache 3/4. facial edema, bleeding gums, black vomit 5. 6-7 days 6. Liver, spleen, kidney, heart |
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Liver Histology of Yellow Fever
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Councilman bodies
Fatty Deposits |
