Chapter 20: America Looks Overseas

Front 1

Commodore Matthew Perry

Back 1

American sea captain; sent by Pres. M. Fillmore to Japan (1853) to open trade and end their isolation. Signed Treaty of Kanagawa.

Front 2

President Millard Fillmore

Back 2

Sent Matthew Perry to Japan to propose a treaty to allow trade. Signed in 1883

Front 3

Secretary of State William Seward

Back 3

Signed treaty with the czar of Russia that allowed the US to have Alaska in exchange for 7.2 million dollars. He made this deal without the president's consent.

Front 4

Frederick Jackson Turner

Back 4

A historian who claimed that the "...American frontier was gone and with its going has closed the first period of American history."

Front 5

Captain Alfred T. Mahan

Back 5

American Sea Captain. Argued U.S. must increase foreign trade. Thus needs overseas ports to protect merchant ships. Therfore U.S. must expand, take over foreign territory to acquire ports.

Front 6

Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii

Back 6

After her brother (the king of Hawaii) dies in 1891, she tried to take power back but americans overthrew her. She asked the US to annex the state but the US refused. Annexed in 1898.

Front 7

William Randolph Hearst

Back 7

Yellow Journalist who ran the New York Journal. He is notorious for the quote, "You furnish the pictures, I'll furnish the war."

Front 8

Commodore George Dewey

Back 8

American commander of Pacific Fleet. When war breaks out with Spain (1898) secretly sails ships to Philippines (a Spanish colony) and destroys Spanish fleet at Manila Harbor.

Front 9

Emilio Aguinaldo

Back 9

Filipino nationalist who led forces against the U.S. until 1901 when they realized that the U.S. would not grant the Philippines their independence.

Front 10

Theodore "Teddy" Roosevellt

Back 10

Quit being Secretary of State and led the Rough Riders into battle, becoming famous and a war hero. After becoming president he tries to get Colombia to let the US build the Panama Canal.

Front 11

William Gorgas

Back 11

Medical hero who stopped most of the spread of Malaria and yellow fever while Americans were working on the Panama Canal.

Front 12

Arrival of Perry in Japan

Back 12

Perry came with warships and threatened to start war if Japan wouldn't sign a treaty to establish open trade.

Front 13

American Purchase of Alaska

Back 13

Made by William Seward without president's consent. Exchanged for 7.2 million. Seward criticized but Alaska had many natural resources.

Front 14

Overthrow of Queen of Hawaii

Back 14

After her brother died, she took over and attempted to restore the power of the Monarchy since the plannters had forced him to sign a constitution. The planters convinced a US official to land 50 marines and overthrow the Queen.

Front 15

Annexation of Hawaii

Back 15

Was originally refused by Pres. Cleveland, but the successsor, William McKinley supported a treaty to annex Hawaii. Annexed on July 7, 1898 when Congress voted yes.

Front 16

Boxer Rebellion

Back 16

The International Army killed all Boxers.

Front 17

Sinking of USS Maine

Back 17

The USS Maine was intended to protect Americans in Cuba, docked at Havana Harbor, and blown up. Many Americans blamed Spain.

Front 18

Spanish American War

Back 18

Declared on 4/28/1898. George Dewey destroys Spanish Fleet at Manilla Bay (philippines). Invaded Puerto Rico. Ends 8/12/1898. Called "Splendid Little War". 379 Americans die from battle, 5000 from diesases (malaria)

Front 19

Treaty of Paris

Back 19

Ended Spanish-American War. Cuba granted Independence, Spain gave US Puerto Rico and Guam, US buys Philippines for 20 million.

Front 20

Revolt in Panama

Back 20

Theodore Roosevelt secretly promised to help the Panamanians if they allowed the US to build a canal which they would reap the benefits from. He sent marines to prevent Columbian troops from reaching Panama City. US paid 10 million and $250,000 in rent for the Panama Canal Zone.

Front 21

Isolation (ism)

Back 21

Foreign policy of having little or nothing to do with other nations

Front 22

Imperialism

Back 22

policy of when a powerful, stronger nation seeks to take control of the economic and political affairs of weaker nations or a region. Often leads to colonies. Examples- Europe in Africa; U.S. and Philippines

Front 23

"Seward Folly"

Back 23

Critical name given to Secretary of State, William Seward's 1867 purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million from Russia. People believed it to be a worthless "icebox" until gold was discovered in 1897, later oil in 1968.

Front 24

"Manifest Destiny"

Back 24

Settling the US from Atlantic to Pacific

Front 25

Sphere of Influence

Back 25

an area, usually around a seaport, where a nation had special trading privileges and laws to protect their citizens.

Front 26

Open Door Policy

Back 26

1899- Policy proposed by U.S. to allow any nation (Europe, Japan, U.S.) to be allowed to trade in any other nation's sphere of influence in China.

Front 27

Boxers

Back 27

A group of rebels who, like most other Chinese, hated foreigners. They were wiped out in the Boxer Rebellion

Front 28

Social Darwinism

Back 28

Bigger countries take over little countries, like the theory of evolution

Front 29

"White Mans Burden"

Back 29

The presumed responsibility of a white man to govern and educate the uncivilized, nonwhite man.

Front 30

Markets

Back 30

Areas of trade

Front 31

Raw Materials

Back 31

Materials used to make products. ie: wood, oil, gold, etc

Front 32

Reconcentration

Back 32

The forced movement of large numbers of people into detention camps for military of political reasons.

Front 33

Yellow Journalism

Back 33

sensational style of newspaper reporting which played on peoples emotions and helped influence events. Major cause of Spanish American War.

Front 34

Empire

Back 34

A group of nations ruled by a powerful soveriegn or greater government

Front 35

Protectorate

Back 35

an independent country or region that is controlled by a more powerful country.

Front 36

Annex

Back 36

To add or take over.

Front 37

Isthmus

Back 37

A strip of land that joins two larger bodies of land.

Front 38

Monroe Doctrine

Back 38

Basically said to the European and other Eastern countries, "You cannot take over anything in the Western hemisphere."

Front 39

Roosevelt Corollary

Back 39

An addition to the Monroe Doctrine. Says that the US has the right to intervene when our neighbors in Latin America have foreign military affairs.

Front 40

Dollar Diplomacy

Back 40

Taft favored economic ties rather than military ties. This was a policy that said that economic toes were the best way to expand American influence.

Front 41

Samoa

Back 41

America and Germanny were going to fight over Samoa when a tornado disabling or destroying all warships. The island was divided 10 years later, and the people of Samoa had no say.

Front 42

Wake Island

Back 42

Given to the US by Spain after the Spanish-American War.

Front 43

Philippines

Back 43

Given to the US after the Spanish-American War. Manilla Bay was here.

Front 44

Colombia

Back 44

Owned Panama.

Front 45

Panama Canal

Back 45

Canal that linked the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. US paid 10 Million for the zone and 250,000 per year in rent.

Front 46

Alaska

Back 46

Bought from Russia by William Seward for 7.2 Million. Thought to be a frozen wasteland but gold and oil and other resources were discovered.

Front 47

Guam

Back 47

Given to the US by Spain after the Spanish-American War.

Front 48

Puerto Rico

Back 48

A protectorate of the US. Given to us by Spain after the Spanish-American War.

Front 49

Cuba

Back 49

Was granted independence from Spain after the Spanish-American War.

Front 50

Hawaii

Back 50

After the overthrow of the king and queen, was annexed in 1898. President Cleveland was originally not in favor of this but his successor, William McKinely supported the treaty to annex.