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The region is tectonically characterized by the ~6 kilometer thick oceanic Nazca plate subducting underneath the continental South American plate at a convergence azimuth of ~ 78 ͦ and at a rate of 6.6 centimeters per year making the area one of the most active convergent margins on earth, typically experiencing a Mw > 8 earthquake every 10 – 20 years (Moscoso, et.al., 2011). Notable quakes in recent history include the 1960 Mw = 9.5 Valdivia earthquake which was the largest ever recorded, and quakes occurring in 1985 [Mw = 8.0], 1939 [7.8], 1928 [8.0], 1906, and 1835 which was documented by Darwin (Moscoso, Figure 2: Locking Degree in 2010 rupture area (Moreno, et.al.,
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Geologists should continue to study these earthquakes inside and out to gain knowledge on earthquake forecasting, causes, effects, processes, and mitigation. Mathematical models such as MOST can be used to model and recreate tsunamis by inputting information on bathymetry an d initial tsunami propagation conditions into non linear shallow water equations with spherical coordinates (Fritz, et.al., 2011). Recent data previously interpreted to be seismic noise is now considered by seismic geologists to be small earthquakes called tremors characterized by slow slip occurring deep below the surface for weeks at a time with recurrence intervals of around 14 months (Chinn, 2011). Monitoring these tremors allows stress build up to be quantified, which could lead to new ideas on prediction and forecasting of large earthquakes (Chinn, 2011). Chile should also design alarm systems like Japan has which automatically halt train lines, seal gas mains, and sounds alarms in residential areas, public areas, businesses, cities, and schools (Chinn, 2011). Tsunami Refuge centers [Figure 9] are beginning to be constructed in towns along the coastlines of Chile (Chinn, 2011). These buildings are built to be over 10 meters high, and to fit over 1000 people(Chinn, 2011). The centers will stand on reinforced rounded concrete pillars …show more content…
M., Melnick, D. D., Rosenau, M. M., Baez, J. J., Klotz, J. J., Oncken, O. O., & ...
Hase, H. H. (2012). Toward understanding tectonic control on the M (sub w) 8.8 2010
Maule Chile earthquake. Earth And Planetary Science Letters, 321-322152-165.
Moscoso, E., Grevemeyer, I., Contreras-Reyes, E., Flueh, E. R., Dzierma, Y., Rabbel, W., &
Thorwart, M. (2011). Revealing the deep structure and rupture plane of the 2010 Maule,
Chile earthquake (Mw=8.8) using wide angle seismic data. Earth And Planetary Science
Letters, 307(1-2), 147-155
Pollitz, F. F., Brooks, B., Tong, X., Bevis, M. G., Foster, J. H., Buergmann, R., & ... Blanco, M.
(2011). Coseismic slip distribution of the February 27, 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(9)
Rietbrock, A. A., Ryder, I. I., Hayes, G. G., Haberland, C. C., Comte, D. D., Roecker, S. S., &
Lyon-Caen, H. H. (2012). Aftershock seismicity of the 2010 Maule Mw=8.8, Chile, earthquake; correlation between co-seismic slip models and aftershock distribution?.
Geophysical Research Letters, 39(8)
Ryder, I., Rietbrock, A., Kelson, K., Buergmann, R., Floyd, M., Socquet, A., & ... Carrizo, D.
(2012). Large extensional aftershocks in the continental forearc triggered by the
Geologists should continue to study these earthquakes inside and out to gain knowledge on earthquake forecasting, causes, effects, processes, and mitigation. Mathematical models such as MOST can be used to model and recreate tsunamis by inputting information on bathymetry an d initial tsunami propagation conditions into non linear shallow water equations with spherical coordinates (Fritz, et.al., 2011). Recent data previously interpreted to be seismic noise is now considered by seismic geologists to be small earthquakes called tremors characterized by slow slip occurring deep below the surface for weeks at a time with recurrence intervals of around 14 months (Chinn, 2011). Monitoring these tremors allows stress build up to be quantified, which could lead to new ideas on prediction and forecasting of large earthquakes (Chinn, 2011). Chile should also design alarm systems like Japan has which automatically halt train lines, seal gas mains, and sounds alarms in residential areas, public areas, businesses, cities, and schools (Chinn, 2011). Tsunami Refuge centers [Figure 9] are beginning to be constructed in towns along the coastlines of Chile (Chinn, 2011). These buildings are built to be over 10 meters high, and to fit over 1000 people(Chinn, 2011). The centers will stand on reinforced rounded concrete pillars …show more content…
M., Melnick, D. D., Rosenau, M. M., Baez, J. J., Klotz, J. J., Oncken, O. O., & ...
Hase, H. H. (2012). Toward understanding tectonic control on the M (sub w) 8.8 2010
Maule Chile earthquake. Earth And Planetary Science Letters, 321-322152-165.
Moscoso, E., Grevemeyer, I., Contreras-Reyes, E., Flueh, E. R., Dzierma, Y., Rabbel, W., &
Thorwart, M. (2011). Revealing the deep structure and rupture plane of the 2010 Maule,
Chile earthquake (Mw=8.8) using wide angle seismic data. Earth And Planetary Science
Letters, 307(1-2), 147-155
Pollitz, F. F., Brooks, B., Tong, X., Bevis, M. G., Foster, J. H., Buergmann, R., & ... Blanco, M.
(2011). Coseismic slip distribution of the February 27, 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule, Chile earthquake. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(9)
Rietbrock, A. A., Ryder, I. I., Hayes, G. G., Haberland, C. C., Comte, D. D., Roecker, S. S., &
Lyon-Caen, H. H. (2012). Aftershock seismicity of the 2010 Maule Mw=8.8, Chile, earthquake; correlation between co-seismic slip models and aftershock distribution?.
Geophysical Research Letters, 39(8)
Ryder, I., Rietbrock, A., Kelson, K., Buergmann, R., Floyd, M., Socquet, A., & ... Carrizo, D.
(2012). Large extensional aftershocks in the continental forearc triggered by the