Social Learning Theory Of Observational Learning

The effect of Observational Learning on Behavior and Memory Various set of statements investigate how learning is accumulated and how direct experience, reinforcement, or punishment lead to learning. Despite the fact that scientists focused more on the most well-known learning theories such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning, observational learning became substantial for learning and memory as it is related to everyday life. Observational learning, also accepted as social learning theory, occurs when an observer’s behavior changes after viewing the behavior of a model and it is also considered to as shaping, modeling, and vicarious reinforcement (Gluck, Mercado and Myers, 422). A massive amount of learning develops through …show more content…
Observational learning certainly can, and does occur in the absence of verbal behavior, as is the case in animal research within this area (Fryling, Johnston and Hayes). Actually, we can presume that observational learning is an important area for behavior science to inspect and indeed, the Ghost’s study is a great example in which imitation and cultural transmission is studied in chimpanzees and children. Experimenters tested their hypothesis beginning by searching for emulation learning by chimpanzees and children using a ‘ghost’ condition (Hopper). Emulation is a form of observational learning, different from imitation, which concentrate on the action 's environmental results instead of a model 's action. Emulation produces only fleeting fidelity compared with the opportunity to copy a conspecific (from same species), when considerable conformity is displayed even with a simple task (Gluck, Mercado and Myers 425). A ‘ghost’ condition is sliding door obscuring a reward was moved to left or right with no agent visible and its demonstrations did not involve any information on body movements (Hopper). Instead, the parts of the apparatus move as if a ghost moves them and a very thin fishing line is attached to the moving parts in which transmits the necessary forces. Both children and chimpanzees matched the observed direction of ghost …show more content…
The mirror neuron is a neuron that fires both when an animal acts and when the animal observes the same action performed by another (Gluck, Mercado and Myers, 449). The neuron "mirrors" the behavior of the other, while the observer is acting the same itself. Such neurons have been directly observed in primate species. The YouTube video questioned the reason behind the emotional investment of sports fans while watching a game and their reaction almost as if they were part of the game themselves (Araniel). According to provocative discoveries in brain imaging, inside our heads we are constantly acting out and imitating whatever activity we are observing and that’s because mirror neurons. As this video reveals, our so-called "mirror neurons" help us understand the actions of others and prime us to imitate what we see. From my understanding, after watching the YouTube video I believe, viewers or fans became so involved with quarterback move, pain and decisions because of the mirror neurons firing. This new type of neurons explain how we learn through mimicry, why we empathize with others and why spontaneously we became so deeply linked to others while watching them (Araniel). For example, when the quarterback kick the ball and score a touchdown, our mirror neurons fire strongly. This mean that seeing the quarterback doing a move is like we are doing it and