Specialization: The Ancient Chinese Civilization

Specialization was also emphasized by the ancient Chinese in that each of the crafts was hereditary and an artisan was committed to his industry for a lifetime.The artisans lived together in special districts,separate from the remainder of the citizens such that they could easily learn their trade in the absence of distraction.Mencius(Meng)also addressed himself to this topic when he asked: But why does not Hsü himself act as potter and blacksmith,supplying his needs with articles made on his own premises?why this multifarious dealing with all sorts of craftsmen? Mencius answered: …men of high and low station alike have their own peoper business and any one man has to be supplied with the products of other men’s industry.If he had to manufacture …show more content…
However,in East Asia after the Chinese civilization came the name of Japanese civilization which was directly and indirectly influenced by the Chinese civilization.The Jomons,predecessors of Japanese,came to an island-like civilization named later Japanese civilization to settle around 4000BC to 3000BC at different periods of their migration.After the Jomons came the era of Yayoi(metal)who developed the agricultural sector.They showed their managerial talents in digging canals for irrigation,constructing embankments,cultivating,safeguarding crops and harvesting by forming an organization like co-operative.Especially family system was the most well-organized economical and social unit.In ancient Japan the tribal society was made up with groups and sub-groups of many families or pseudo families. These groups were called ‘Uji’.Under the Uji there were different professional groups like Be/Tomo,i.e.guild-like institution.In the Be there were peasants,other professionals like fishermen,carpenters,potters,dyers,etc.Actually in ancient period as the Japanese could not be so influenced by the Chinese civilization,their social and economical infrastructure began to change very …show more content…
The managerial aspects ,behind all the civilizations developed throughout the Asia,flourished in almost same patterns.But from the influential viewpoints they differed from each other in some respects.On one hand,Aramean,Kassite,Lydian,Phoenician,etc themselves were not developed in terms of management thought but were influential over different civilizations established in Mesopotamia;on the other hand,the evolution of Japanese and Korean were less developed than large Chinese and Sindhu civilizations in ancient world.However,all these civilizations established their future base capitalizing developed or underdeveloped managerial activities.But they all were established not only absorbing Asian cultural and social elements but also developing themselves willingly or forcefully with the social and cultural elements in other civilizations developed in other continents.Of those civilizations the Egyptian civilization in so called Dark Continent ‘Africa’ was the most remarkable.About 5000 BC different groups of migrants built up their civilizations around the Nile river flowing from the Ethiopian mountains in Central Africa to north-east Africa.As some parts of this deltic civilization are in relation with south-west part of Asia,the influence of Mesopotamian civilizations fell on the Egyptian civilization at different periods and vice versa.Among 40 nomes in the north of lower Egypt and the south of upper Egypt of the Nile arose two enriched capitals named Heliopolis at