Contradiction In Spinoza's

Is action free or determined, Spinoza argues that it is determined but there is a freedom of will in the doctrine of the conatus. This view rests on three metaphysical positions that Spinoza advocates for, namely immanent necessitarianism, reductive naturalism and monism. All that exists and has is and will happen is immanent and inevitably going to happen. This he argues is because nature is constructed by a free uncaused cause (that which has no external constraint). This uncaused cause started the causal chain and therefore to gain relative freedom compared to other determined things one must understand causality. Relative freedom is the only attainable state because the only thing that is fully free is the infinite, uncaused cause substance …show more content…
To say infinite has a starting point is a limit on it, since uncaused cause; caused everything. Always existed and uncaused cause are two different positions. Since uncaused cause, causes a beginning. This is a contradiction in Spinoza’s understanding of infinity therefore, if nature is truly infinite it is always existing and there no starting point and no ending point. The second contradiction in Spinoza’s concept of substance is his argument for monism. If you say infinite it is a set single thing (monism) then it is limited and no longer infinite. For nature to be truly infinite it cannot be one substance it has to be infinite types of substance. If we agree with Spinoza that nature is infinite then the process of nature is infinity. Given that one cannot define or limit the process of nature it must be unpredictable and therefore undetermined. This means that humanity is not determined and rather it is an open question as to whether or not humanity is …show more content…
Yes but they are human dependent, regularity may be partial truth of science- knowledge is epistemically constrained- we can’t go beyond our instruments of measurement. If infinity is all encompassing right- then some patterns and some lack of patterns- still indeterminate we are seeing the right picture in science- evidence may be human created patterns that from an out of time view of God does not hold. Spinoza’s argument that human construction of right and wrong says more about the individual than the nature of reality holds, Spinoza however did not take it to its full development. Spinoza may argue that, causation which is close by is more important than causes far away therefore learning these causes will help us become more free. For instance if we live in a tropical country it is useful to understand what animals are dangerous and what is not dangerous to