According to Bruce Trigger (2003; 92), “city-states were relatively small polities, each consisting of an urban core surrounded by farmland containing smaller units of settlement. In territorial states a ruler governed a larger region through a multileveled hierarchy of provincial and local administrators in a corresponding hierarchy of administrative centers.” A civilization is far larger than a city state and territorial state in both land and population, it also has a large surplus of food, stratified social ranks, and coerced tribute (otherwise known as taxes). There are differing positions about whether city states or territorial states came first.
The first position is based off of Colin Renfrew’s (1975) early state module. This stated …show more content…
Johnson (1982) argues that scalar stress is a response humans’ inability to efficiently make decisions in larger groups. This is in relation to humans lacking the ability to process information effectively when there is too much conflicting information. In short, the more people there are debating over a decision the less likely there is for a final decision to be made and acted out. The solution to this problem is in the emergence of leadership. This leadership can come in the form of heterarchy or …show more content…
Simply by using the architecture of an ancient site an archeologist can determine whether the society was more egalitarian or hierarchical. For example, according to Flannery and Marcus’s finding of the Temple Oval of Tutub, particularly before the oval was built, there is a detail illustration of the high priest’s residence. The residence includes a kiln or oven, servants’ quarters, pantry, dining room, offering table, central court, private chapel, reception, divan, sleeping room, guard room, entrance, and more. These locations not only were used for specific functions or activities, but also showcased the social status of the individuals who resided in this location. The servants’ quarters were closest to the kiln, pantry, and dining room. This displayed that their social status was restricted to food preparation and the service of the high priest and guests. The highest ranked individual, the high priest, has the most rooms devoted to him and his duties as priest. These rooms are well guarded and are furthest away from the servants’ quarters; such as the locations of the reception room, divan, and sleeping room. All of this information can be gathered by archeologists by understanding the importance of space and how people showcase
The first position is based off of Colin Renfrew’s (1975) early state module. This stated …show more content…
Johnson (1982) argues that scalar stress is a response humans’ inability to efficiently make decisions in larger groups. This is in relation to humans lacking the ability to process information effectively when there is too much conflicting information. In short, the more people there are debating over a decision the less likely there is for a final decision to be made and acted out. The solution to this problem is in the emergence of leadership. This leadership can come in the form of heterarchy or …show more content…
Simply by using the architecture of an ancient site an archeologist can determine whether the society was more egalitarian or hierarchical. For example, according to Flannery and Marcus’s finding of the Temple Oval of Tutub, particularly before the oval was built, there is a detail illustration of the high priest’s residence. The residence includes a kiln or oven, servants’ quarters, pantry, dining room, offering table, central court, private chapel, reception, divan, sleeping room, guard room, entrance, and more. These locations not only were used for specific functions or activities, but also showcased the social status of the individuals who resided in this location. The servants’ quarters were closest to the kiln, pantry, and dining room. This displayed that their social status was restricted to food preparation and the service of the high priest and guests. The highest ranked individual, the high priest, has the most rooms devoted to him and his duties as priest. These rooms are well guarded and are furthest away from the servants’ quarters; such as the locations of the reception room, divan, and sleeping room. All of this information can be gathered by archeologists by understanding the importance of space and how people showcase