2. The problem with Cartesian skepticism is that there is not enough evidence to prove that the world around us is always false. Descartes is trying to prove his point off of logic instead of actual evidence. Descartes is putting too much faith on the mind over the physical world. When he explains an evil being manipulating our thoughts and senses he still cannot prove that the evil being actually exists.…
Red Herring The first fallacy is an example of a Red Herring, which has no latin translation. A red herring is a fallacy that draws the argument away from the issue currently being discussed to an argument that the person feels they can better relate to.…
Similarly, reaching a vast conclusion with less than stellar data is known as hasty generalization. The fourth is tautology or just repeating an idea or premise. The fifth is the allusion of choice, or false choice. The sixth logical sin is called red herring. This tactic involves brining up something completely unrelated distracting the audience.…
Cognitive dissonance theory is the theory that states that an individual attitudes and actions do not match each other. It is the tendency for an individual to seek balance among our cognition (beliefs, opinions, etc) when there is a discomfort or a buffer (dissonance/inconsistency) between our attitude and our action. To solve this problem, he or she may change something to eliminate or reduce the dissonance. Attitude is the way we feel about a particular way towards an object, people, and events. A real life example is when I was in high school…
Gambler's Fallacy may be described as an individual's conviction based on past circumstances where he believes that the probability of a particular situation is more when it occurs less in numbers and it is less when it has already occurred a number of times. The reason that can lead to gambler's fallacy may be Representative Bias, or Familiarity Bias or Overconfident Bias . For Example, in a spin of wheels game if an odd number has occurred in 5 spins , a person will probably think that an even number is pending and gamble on the even number for the next spin . The reason for him to chose this number may be because either he has already been across such situation earlier or might be he must be confident of his intuition.…
Confirmation Bias is the tendency to seek out information, result, and evidence that confirms one’s existing beliefs, views, and opinions. They will avoid any opposing evidence and opinions that are contradictory. In a 1979 University of Minnesota study of an imaginary woman named Jane: there were two groups, the librarian group remembered Jane as an introvert. The second group, the real estate, remembered Jane as an extrovert. Each group stuck with their original choice when asked if Jane would be good at the other profession.…
The US Uncertainty Avoidance score is 46 while the worlds averages score is 64.Uncertainty avoidance in the US is low compared to the world average. Uncertainty avoidance is the degree to which members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity. A High Uncertainty Avoidance ranking indicates the country has a low tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. From the score, it illustrates that the people of united state can cope better under ambiguous condition than most non-us citizens. For instance, Risk taking is a common thing that business owner do around here, they trust their guts and believe in their decisions and patiently wait for the end…
My understanding regarding wasteful government spending is that it would not benefit the economy overall. Mainly, this is would be due to a part of the idea of the broken window fallacy applied in a different manner. For instance, it was explained that the money spent to repair a broken would not be spent on what they originally would have spent it on. Thus, the money spent would have still have been spent. However, now, it is to repair something broken instead of something new.…
One of the logical fallacies that I found is Post hoc ergo propter hoc, which means the author assumes that one event causes the other. For example “Times of carnival temporally marginalize the monstrous, but at the same time allow it a safe realm of expression and play: on Halloween everyone is a demon for a night” (Cohen, 191). The author is assuming that in Halloween most people dress up as the monster they desire to be, which led all the expression to come up and also the real actions that a human have by dressing up as a monster. Another logical fallacy found in Cohen article is Begging the Claim, in which the author uses enough evidence to support his claim.…
After careful consideration, the three most common errors in judgment I encounter on a daily basis are as follows; snap judgments, unwarranted assumptions, and projection. An error can be defined as " deviation of an individual observation from a standard " (Funder, p.78). Working in manufacturing, specifically food processing for a national brand, I work with people of varied cultures and personalities daily that are trained to a certain standard. Snap judgments, unwarranted assumptions, and projection cause conflict and confusion often resulting in processing delays and ultimately, timely delivery of products.…
Irrational Reasoning Despite the fact that there are arguable reasons as to why my personal weight bias could be rational, far more cases for the irrationality of this type of bias exist. Although physical appearance often determines the degree of perpetration of weight bias, people who may look overweight regularly have healthy BMIs (O’Brien, Latner, Ebneter, & Hunter, 2013; Steenhuis et al., 2006). Women especially have a tendency to overestimate their weight. In a study by Steenhuis et al.…
This quote adapted by JW von Goethe is ambiguous. Before making any assumptions about this claim, we have to explore the terms that have been used. “Confidence” is associated with certainty, in contrast “doubt” means to be uncertain, hence can doubt exists where there is confidence? There is a presumption that there is an inverse relationship between these two variables. Although ambiguity can be a limiting factor, language cannot exist without it.…
A great example would be one of Taylor Swift’s songs such as “Blank Space”. She states that “boys only want love if it’s torture.” So, Taylor bases her previous relationships with men that they only want love if it’s torture. Since, this is her strictly opinion on what she thinks men want when it comes to love, it cannot be proven factual, therefore causing it to be an informal fallacy.…
Informal fallacies appeal to the ignorance of an inadequately supported argument and can be observed in everyday scenarios. Although many are incognizant of their effect on communication, being aware of the format of an argument can aid an individual in reaching their desired conclusion to any situation they are encountered with. When an argument is presented with limited alternatives, the omission of other choices provides the argument with a false dilemma causing the arguer in the discussion to be limited in their response. If an argument is approached with a false dilemma, the arguer is guiding the defendant to respond in the way that best supports his desired outcome. By limiting the freedom to explore other alternatives, the defendant is left to constitute a response that may not be in their best interest.…
Logical fallacies are part of everyday life, whether we notice them or not. Fallacies are the mistakes in our reasoning. One common fallacy is false analogy. In a false analogy, two objects, events or people that aren’t typically related, are shown to be similar. An example of this would be comparing object A to object B. If object A has property C, and object B has property C, objects A and B must be the same thing.…