The cognitive theories are focus on conscious thoughts which highlight the mental aspects of development such as logic and memory. The structure and development of the individual’s thought processes is the main factors of cognitive theories and it can be said that these processes can effort the person’s understanding of the world. Therefore, the cognitive theories study on how this understanding, and the expectations it creates can affect the individual’s behavior. There are three types of cognitive development theories in human which are Piaget’s Cognitive development theory, Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Cognitive theory and Information-Processing theory. (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1). All three focus on the development of complex thinking
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In Piaget's view, a schema includes both a category of knowledge and the process of obtaining that knowledge. For example, a boy will misunderstand that a dog is a small and furry animal if he only meet a small dog but his perspective will change since he meet another big and fierce dog. Also, Piaget thought children can learn through assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation refers to combination of new information and existing information to create a new concept. A 2 year old child sees a man who is bald on top of his head and has long frizzy hair on the sides. To his father’s horror, the toddler shouts “Clown, clown” (Siegler et al., 2003). Whereas accommodation refers to the existing information will adapt into latest information. In the “clown” incident, the boy’s father explained to his son that the man was not a clown and that even though his hair was like a clown’s, he wasn’t wearing a funny costume and wasn’t doing silly things to make people laugh. Next, Piaget proposed development occurs in stages (4 stages). The first stage is sensorimotor for an infant that giving birth until 24 months. Infant will …show more content…
Information-processing emphasize that individuals manage information, monitor it, and strategize about it. This theory is different from Piaget’s theory but similar to Vygotsky’s theory. Information-processing theory does not define development as stage-like. Their approach has life-span application whereas Piaget’s theory ends with adolescence. Individuals develop a gradually rising the capacity for processing complex knowledge and skills. (Martinez, 2010). Robert Siegler (2006), who is a leading expert on children’s information processing, said that the thinking is an information processing. It can be said that the individuals are thinking when they are observe, encode, describe, store and retrieved information. Sieglar highlight that important view of development is learning good strategies for processing information. Information-processing theorists believed that by thinking of the mind in premise of the way it processes information, we might acquire a more accurate understanding of how we develop mentally (Klahr,1989; Kuhn,1988;
In Piaget's view, a schema includes both a category of knowledge and the process of obtaining that knowledge. For example, a boy will misunderstand that a dog is a small and furry animal if he only meet a small dog but his perspective will change since he meet another big and fierce dog. Also, Piaget thought children can learn through assimilation and accommodation. Assimilation refers to combination of new information and existing information to create a new concept. A 2 year old child sees a man who is bald on top of his head and has long frizzy hair on the sides. To his father’s horror, the toddler shouts “Clown, clown” (Siegler et al., 2003). Whereas accommodation refers to the existing information will adapt into latest information. In the “clown” incident, the boy’s father explained to his son that the man was not a clown and that even though his hair was like a clown’s, he wasn’t wearing a funny costume and wasn’t doing silly things to make people laugh. Next, Piaget proposed development occurs in stages (4 stages). The first stage is sensorimotor for an infant that giving birth until 24 months. Infant will …show more content…
Information-processing emphasize that individuals manage information, monitor it, and strategize about it. This theory is different from Piaget’s theory but similar to Vygotsky’s theory. Information-processing theory does not define development as stage-like. Their approach has life-span application whereas Piaget’s theory ends with adolescence. Individuals develop a gradually rising the capacity for processing complex knowledge and skills. (Martinez, 2010). Robert Siegler (2006), who is a leading expert on children’s information processing, said that the thinking is an information processing. It can be said that the individuals are thinking when they are observe, encode, describe, store and retrieved information. Sieglar highlight that important view of development is learning good strategies for processing information. Information-processing theorists believed that by thinking of the mind in premise of the way it processes information, we might acquire a more accurate understanding of how we develop mentally (Klahr,1989; Kuhn,1988;