In 1954, an extensive amount of the United States schools were racially segregated, due to the legal decision of Plessy vs. Ferguson in 1896, which stated the segregated facilities were constitutional as long as they were equal to each other. In the early 1950’s NAACP lawyers conveyed action lawsuits on behalf of African American children and their families in the states Kansas, South Carolina, Delaware and Virginia to allow black children the right to attend in all white school. The US Supreme Court decided to conjoin the five cases together and give it one name, Oliver Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka. Brown vs. Board of Education was filed against a public school in Topeka, Kansas by an African American named Oliver brown whose daughter
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Ferguson (1986) was the idea of the relationship of the government to its citizens. Consisting of many duties such as maintaining order, it also has to the responsibility of bestowing benefits of people (Calvi & Coleman, 2). In this case particularly it was the benefit of education. Justice Warren sees it also as a matter of reciprocity “education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. Compulsory school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education to our democratic society. It is required in the performance of our most basic public responsibilities, even service in the armed forces. It is the very foundation of good citizenship (Home).” Showing that through education it shows democratic teachings and it helps the nation though jobs that keeps it infrastructure running. To force people of color into schools that were less than equal would refrain them from their pursuit of happiness found unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment. For the NAACP it was important to show how times has changed since Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).Since that case African Americans were U.S. citizens they were entitled to the same right. To take away their educational opportunities would deny them the equality of the whites who has public funding and the choice to choice where their children go. The quote “intangible factors,” is vital to this argument as they are not apparent, most whites could not relate as privilege was prevalent. Justice Warren made a firm statement by saying “We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal (Home).” It shocked the nation as a whole as now, as African Americans had the same opportunity to send their students to schools of
Ferguson (1986) was the idea of the relationship of the government to its citizens. Consisting of many duties such as maintaining order, it also has to the responsibility of bestowing benefits of people (Calvi & Coleman, 2). In this case particularly it was the benefit of education. Justice Warren sees it also as a matter of reciprocity “education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. Compulsory school attendance laws and the great expenditures for education both demonstrate our recognition of the importance of education to our democratic society. It is required in the performance of our most basic public responsibilities, even service in the armed forces. It is the very foundation of good citizenship (Home).” Showing that through education it shows democratic teachings and it helps the nation though jobs that keeps it infrastructure running. To force people of color into schools that were less than equal would refrain them from their pursuit of happiness found unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment. For the NAACP it was important to show how times has changed since Plessy v. Ferguson (1896).Since that case African Americans were U.S. citizens they were entitled to the same right. To take away their educational opportunities would deny them the equality of the whites who has public funding and the choice to choice where their children go. The quote “intangible factors,” is vital to this argument as they are not apparent, most whites could not relate as privilege was prevalent. Justice Warren made a firm statement by saying “We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal (Home).” It shocked the nation as a whole as now, as African Americans had the same opportunity to send their students to schools of