Erika Davila THSA 1300 The Catholic Imagination Worksheet Week #3 1. Greeley means, that in a premodern world the natural and supernatural exist parallel to one another. People believe that natural events are the result of the supernatural such as, demons, angels and/or God. In the modern world it is about logic and science, people will dismiss the supernatural because its existence cannot be proven such as, miracles, visions, or superstitions.…
In the mid 1700s the Jesuit Order helped to civilize and Christianize the native Guarani Indians of Paraguay. As the Jesuit Reduction Mission was taking place, a mercenary and slave trader named Rodrigo Mendoza is shown kidnapping Guarani Indians and other natives. For Rodrigo to make a living, he takes these natives and sells them to nearby plantations as slaves. However, he does show great care for his brother, Felipe, and his wife, Carlotta, until Carlotta reveals her love affair with Felipe. When Rodrigo finds Felipe and Carlotta in bed together his anger increases, which results in him stabbing Felipe to death in a duel.…
The “Just War” theory was created with the intent of helping determine whether someone could justify war ( jus ad bellum), what the conduct during war should be (jus in bello), and if the end goal was for peace or termination of the war (jus post bellum). Before the Crusades, Pope Urban II gave speeches to rally up support for war against Muslims who had taken control of Christian land. Although Urban II’s ideas seem reasonable, they actually contradict the “just war” theory. He uses any means to make war justifiable, but his speech was missing a few aspects to make it so.…
Similarly within western liturgy this same consistency and daily routine of worship can be seen in the four cycles of prayer which all influence each other at some point. On a daily basis the way in which the Church worked was in a repetitive form, constituting in the Office and the Mass. The Office comprised of ceremonies during the evening and then six hours of worship between daybreak and dusk. A priest more readily practiced Mass by the 11th century on an individual basis.…
Roman Catholic Answer Pope Innocent III was one of the greatest popes of the Middle Ages, please see the article at the link below for a full list of his accomplishments. There was hardly one country in Europe which was unaffected by his reign, mostly directly in one way or another. He asserted the power of the Church in Rome because King Henry VI had just died without a clear successor, leaving the throne open to a variety of people. with no clear ruler, pope innocent III could simply take control. He used the power vacuum created by the death of the king to get a grip on…
The Protestant Reformation was a major turning point in history. At this point in time, the Catholic Church was the center of all power. There was no separation between church and state. The more power the church was receiving the more power it wanted to claim. The Catholic Church was beginning to take advantage of the common people by trying to sell indulgence.…
The early church's locus of authority was "somewhat" settled before the "Council of Nicea in the year 325. The disagreement which started in Alexandria as the bishop of Alexandria, Alexander disputed that the Word of God was divine and was part of the Father. Arius, according to Gonzalez (2010), "was the one of the most prestigious and popular presbyters of the city," argued that the Word did not coexist with the Father and therefore was not divine (p.184). The Arian controversy also held the question of the relationship Christ had with humans and his ability to save. The conflict was at the very heart of the church as supporters defended both Alexander and Arius and the church was split over who was teaching falsely.…
Religious changes in 16th century Europe led to many political changes and slowed down the formation of religious unity during the 17th century. Absolute monarchies were put to an end or they were severely limited. The Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Counter-Reformation and the Thirty Years’ War were all effects of the constant battling between the different religions. The religious changes in the 16th century caused chaos in the churches and let to a battle of religions. During the Scientific Revolution Galileo Galilei proved the church wrong.…
Pre-Agricultural Religion Here are three pre-agricultural examples of religion. The Upanishads, Gobekli Tepe and the Ainu/Jomon tradition. All date roughly 14,000 years ago. Dawn of the Upanishads “Like radii of the same circle, all these traditions indicate a common center… long before the India of the Vedas, before the Iran of Zoroaster, in the early dawn of the white race, one sees the first creator of the Aryan religion emerging from the forests of ancient Scythia.” (-Schure, The Great Initiates, 1889)…
After Europe transitioned from the Middle Ages, new systems of ideas were developed and the culture divided into five different time periods, which together created the Early Modern Era. The Early Modern Era was a time of change, adventure, and power in Europe. Despite each part of the Early Modern Era happening at once, each had a different focus and effects. However, the five segments are all connected by three main concepts which explain and illustrate the era as a whole. The early modern Era was driven by money, the ideas of humanism, and the secularism that developed from the Middle Ages, influencing the Renaissance, the Age of Exploration, the Age of Absolutism, the Reformation, and the Age of Reason.…
Many doubted that Constantine was a Christian stating his motives were purely political as paganism remained. He conspired and ruled the Christian bishops as he did his civil servants and demanded unconditional obedience. He even retained his title Pontifex Maximus as head of the state. However, a purely political conversion would be difficult to explain as Constantine not only displayed a public Christian life he also led a Christian private life raising his children.…
Religion was and is very important to humanity’s culture, politics, and daily life. It is the foundation for all we believe in and was especially so back in the Middle Ages when science was only starting to be acceptable. During the Middle Ages, between 600 and 1450 A.D, Europe saw Islam make its way into Sspain and the dramatic change brought about by the Christian Schism of 1054 CE. However, there certainly were ideals, like the Roman Catholic Church, that were left relatively unscaved by the turmoil.…
The first great heresy for the Christian religion is considered to be the Arian heresy-- with the name deriving from its most influential preacher, a parish priest named Arius from Antioch. The Arian heresy arose, in the year 318, from the fact that it was difficult to explain the difference between “the One and the Many, between the ultimate unity that lay behind the visible universe and the incapable variety that exists in the world as we know it”. Arius resolved this problem by preaching Jesus Christ, as the son of God, to be a separate entity from God, and thus not of the same divine material as God. This deviated from orthodox thought as it denied the divinity of Christ and was thus considered to be a denial of orthodox Christianity. The…
Literature is impacted by history. History, in turn, is impacted by people who are influenced by the conformities of society. Writers are affected by the environment around them. As a result, 3 totally different periods are formed: The Puritan Era, The Age of Reason, and The Romantic Period. The Puritan Era caused a psychological wave of oddness over the people.…
Deism was about the “religion of nature” and was a form of rational theology that emerged among Europeans in the 17th and 18th centuries. As Puritanism began to fade away in the 17th century Deism started to gain traction. Deism, like Puritanism, revolved around the belief in God as the Creator, but Deists believed in free will, whereas the Puritans believed in predestination. Deists rejected all the supernatural elements of Christianity, such as, miracles, prophecies, and divine portents and believed in natural religion.…