A process that can turn a single copy of a gene into more than a billion copies in just house is calles the polymerase chain reaction(PCR). PCR allows medical researchers to make many copies of a gene whenever they want to genetically engineer something. The DNA structure for years has been relatively challenging to study. Ultimately DNA is very long and tiny. Luckily there has been many advancements in DNA technology that have made working with DNA much easier. Especially in the tools and techniques used for reading and handling the DNA code. PCR is a biochemical technology in molecular biology used to increase a single or few copies of a piece of DNA across several scales generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA.
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The DNA template, polymerase enzyme, primers, and deoxynucleotides are created into a mix. In order to heat the mixture without altering the enzyme yet altering the double helix of DNA sample at a temperature of about 94 degrees. Resulting in alteration the sample is cooled to a more adequate temperature of around 54 degrees. This enables the binding of the primers to a single stranded DNA template. The next step is reheating the sample to about 72 degrees, the ideal temperature for amplification. Throughout amplification, the DNA polymerase uses the original the original single strand of DNA as a template to add deoxynucleotides to the end of each primer. This generates a section of double stranded DNA in the area of interest in the gene. Primers that have strengthened to DNA sequences that are not a perfect match do remain strengthened at 72 degrees limit the amplification of the gene in interest. This process of alteration and amplification is repeated many times. This way increasing the number of copies wanted in the gene mixture. Even though this procces may appear to be quite tiresome if performed manually, now samples can be prepared and produced in a programmable “Thermo cycler”. With a Thermo Cycler the PCR reaction can be done in about three to four hours. Each alteration step stops the amplification process from the previous cycle. This making the new strand of DNA, and keeping it to the size of the wanted gene. The period of amplification cycle usually differs in length depending on the size of gene wanted. Through repeated cycles of PCR ultimately the majority of templates will be the size of the gene
The DNA template, polymerase enzyme, primers, and deoxynucleotides are created into a mix. In order to heat the mixture without altering the enzyme yet altering the double helix of DNA sample at a temperature of about 94 degrees. Resulting in alteration the sample is cooled to a more adequate temperature of around 54 degrees. This enables the binding of the primers to a single stranded DNA template. The next step is reheating the sample to about 72 degrees, the ideal temperature for amplification. Throughout amplification, the DNA polymerase uses the original the original single strand of DNA as a template to add deoxynucleotides to the end of each primer. This generates a section of double stranded DNA in the area of interest in the gene. Primers that have strengthened to DNA sequences that are not a perfect match do remain strengthened at 72 degrees limit the amplification of the gene in interest. This process of alteration and amplification is repeated many times. This way increasing the number of copies wanted in the gene mixture. Even though this procces may appear to be quite tiresome if performed manually, now samples can be prepared and produced in a programmable “Thermo cycler”. With a Thermo Cycler the PCR reaction can be done in about three to four hours. Each alteration step stops the amplification process from the previous cycle. This making the new strand of DNA, and keeping it to the size of the wanted gene. The period of amplification cycle usually differs in length depending on the size of gene wanted. Through repeated cycles of PCR ultimately the majority of templates will be the size of the gene