The first step in this solution lies at taking initiative for the acts that were committed; taking accountability. The American Civil Liberties Union published an article in regards to this, pinpointing the countries that have taken accountability for their involvement in torture. Egypt for instance has taken zero accountability for its actions as they were a transit point for extraordinary renditions as well as a detainee who sought to file a law suit against the ex-president but no attention was given. Other countries such as Canada took full accountability for their involvements and compensated those they affected. Where did the U.S stack up? The U.S took some accountability for its involvement in torture. The U.S released the information pertaining to their CIA black sites and pressured other governments not too pursue human rights investigations. The U.S has begun to take initiative for their acts, but most of which was a result of pressure, not from willingness to do so. Additionally the U.S Army implemented the Army Field Manual which the Central Intelligence Agency has since been instructed to conduct their interrogations based off of that. As of today investigations into human rights abuses have been subdued as a result of the Army Field Manual setting the standard. This is not something that will disappear in the near future as unions, such as the …show more content…
In as early as 530AD the Romans utilized torture techniques with the accusation that it developed the highest form of truth. Is torture truly effective? CIA director Michael Hayden believes so who stated “coercive interrogation techniques employed against detainees such as Khalid Shaikh Mohammed as and ‘irreplaceable’ tool that helped yield information that has helped disrupt several terrorist plots since 9/11” (“Issues in terrorism and homeland security: selections from CQ researcher”, 2011). After the fall of Rome during the middle ages torture remained to be used against citizens as arms & genitals would be amputated for those who committed sexual abuse and other sexual deviances. Rhys Moses concludes “during this time period, burning at the stake, drowning, and suffocation were common tortures” (1998). Torture did not just appear in the 21st century, it has been predominant throughout history with not only the Romans and threw the middle ages, but during the great inquisitions as well. So where did torture finally trickle away and become so unfamiliar to society? Many would raise the argument that these forms of justice were unjust to those who may be innocent and that it was an incomplete system. During the 17th century those who opposed torture grew in number starting with “Johann Graefe in 1624 who published Tribunal Reformation, a case against torture. Cesare Beccaria, and Italian lawyer, published in 1764 An Essay on