The use of HLM allowed researchers to simultaneously assess school differences in mathematics achievement, and examine the race-based gap in student mathematics achievement scores. This model also measures several other aspects as the variances in outcomes that are attributed to the differences within schools are also examined. The data was analyzed in steps using the HLM model. In the first step a base-line model was established, and only used student-level predictors of student scores on the mathematics achievement tests. This level-one, within-school, model includes student race, SES, gender, and 10th grade mathematics achievement. Level two highlighted the influence of schools on student achievement. This model examined how average mathematics achievement differs in schools with varying characteristics of students, and the race gap in mathematics achievement seen within these same
The use of HLM allowed researchers to simultaneously assess school differences in mathematics achievement, and examine the race-based gap in student mathematics achievement scores. This model also measures several other aspects as the variances in outcomes that are attributed to the differences within schools are also examined. The data was analyzed in steps using the HLM model. In the first step a base-line model was established, and only used student-level predictors of student scores on the mathematics achievement tests. This level-one, within-school, model includes student race, SES, gender, and 10th grade mathematics achievement. Level two highlighted the influence of schools on student achievement. This model examined how average mathematics achievement differs in schools with varying characteristics of students, and the race gap in mathematics achievement seen within these same