In Chapter 2, the main discussion is the six solving approaches; social system, ecologic, life cycle, clinical, social norms, and community. These approaches are not superior than the other, and they have characteristics. For example, the ecological approach’s attention is on “the concept of level of organization” (p.37), and the life cycle approach attempts to clarify time periods to provide present and old periods of change and stability. The clinical approach thinks that “no problem exists by itself, and that all problems and their solutions are interrelated in an interacting system that involves individuals and their environment” (p.54). The social norms approach believes that individuals are able to be induced to change their behavior,
