Another freedom former slaves were granted is that they could finally have a legal marriage which would be recognized by the state. With abolition in full effect, the south rebelled against African American freedom as they have always done by regressing into another form of slavery known as the black codes. The black codes were implemented to ensure blacks would still work, if not by choice, then with the black codes, by force.
Under the 13th amendment of 1865, no longer could white men own another human, but with the black codes the southern whites found a way to make certain black men were still not allowed to vote, assemble freely, bear arms, nor hold office. It was these extreme sets of restraints that proved to republicans in congress that the plan of reconstruction provided by Johnson