After the Civil War, there were over four million slaves in the Southern states won their freedom due to the passing of the Thirteenth Amendment. Because of that, the South plantation owners had serious problems on massive labor shortage. Therefore, the Southerners turned to the southern state governments to ask for solutions. The whites were feared of blacks’ revenge. As a result, the black codes, were a series of laws that were executed by the new state governments across the South in 1865 and 1866 by the legislatures of the Southern states of Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, Florida, Virginia, Louisiana, Georgia, and North Carolina. The black codes were used to limit blacks’ freedom during the Reconstruction; for example, the blacks
