In the readings by Schorske and Berman, the motifs behind the concept of the modern city and the rise of industrialization are focalized/elaborated upon. In particularly, Schorske presents his explication by revolving around three central themes: the city as a means of virtue in the Enlightenment, the city as a means of vice as industrialization rose, and the city as a means of the good and the bad, developed through the likes of an expanding intellectual attitude. Berman, on the other hand, hones specifically upon the establishment of the Crystal Palace and presents a variety of responses attributed to it. Nonetheless, a correlation that can be extrapolated is the fact how political, economic, cultural, and social factors helped shape opinions
