The speech system of the brain consists of many different brain areas (Hickok, 2012) that are entrained into stable sensory representations and motor routines through a process of constant learning (Tremblay, Houle and
Ostry, 2008).
Consider the simple task of producing a familiar monosyllabic word such as “head,” which presumably involves hundreds to thousands of muscle fibers and millions of neurons, and whose activity span less than 500 milliseconds (Sengupta and Nasir, 2015). Sensorimotor integration consists of several sequential processes that are broadly categorized under speechplanning, speech-production and feedback processing underlying the vocalization and motor programs that correspond to normal speech. The speech-planning phase …show more content…
One common piece of evidence of sensorimotor integration is the phenomenon of “gestural drift” whereby common word utterances are altered in a new linguistic environment such as living in a foreign country (Sinclair and Fowler, 1997).
Many motor disorders were typically thought of as dysfunctions in motor cortex-basal ganglia circuits have been revealed to result from abnormalities in sensorimotor integration:
Parkinson’s disease (Khulados, Cody and O’Boyle, 1999; Demirci et al., 1997), Huntington’s
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disease (Sharp et al., 1994; Timmermann et al., 2001) and Tourette syndrome (Castellanos et al., 1996) are a few examples. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), patients rely more on sensory information for their motor abilities than normal patients but have problems in proprioceptive feedback and kinesthetic scaling (Klockgether and Dichgans, 1994). Even dystonia, which is commonly perceived to be purely a motor disorder of the cortico-striatal-thalamic motor
Ostry, 2008).
Consider the simple task of producing a familiar monosyllabic word such as “head,” which presumably involves hundreds to thousands of muscle fibers and millions of neurons, and whose activity span less than 500 milliseconds (Sengupta and Nasir, 2015). Sensorimotor integration consists of several sequential processes that are broadly categorized under speechplanning, speech-production and feedback processing underlying the vocalization and motor programs that correspond to normal speech. The speech-planning phase …show more content…
One common piece of evidence of sensorimotor integration is the phenomenon of “gestural drift” whereby common word utterances are altered in a new linguistic environment such as living in a foreign country (Sinclair and Fowler, 1997).
Many motor disorders were typically thought of as dysfunctions in motor cortex-basal ganglia circuits have been revealed to result from abnormalities in sensorimotor integration:
Parkinson’s disease (Khulados, Cody and O’Boyle, 1999; Demirci et al., 1997), Huntington’s
17
disease (Sharp et al., 1994; Timmermann et al., 2001) and Tourette syndrome (Castellanos et al., 1996) are a few examples. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), patients rely more on sensory information for their motor abilities than normal patients but have problems in proprioceptive feedback and kinesthetic scaling (Klockgether and Dichgans, 1994). Even dystonia, which is commonly perceived to be purely a motor disorder of the cortico-striatal-thalamic motor