The year was 1764; Cesare Beccaria only 26 at the time wrote his most noted work which influenced the creation and remake of penal systems across the globe. “On Crimes and Punishments” was a thorough treatise exploring the topic of criminal justice. Beccaria feared his work may be too controversial for the time period he first published the essay anonymously fearing the political backlash; surprisingly it was well- received by the public with many people such as Catherine the Great endorsed his work. Once it was clear that the government approved of his essay, Beccaria republished it, this time crediting himself as the author. In "On Crimes and Punishments," Beccaria identified wrote of the crucial need to restore the criminal justice system,
