Marcus Tullus Cicero's The Defense Of Injustice?

Improved Essays
Justice
Everyone holds their own definition of what justice is, though the Merriam-Webster dictionary defines it, as the process or result of using laws to fairly judge and punish crimes and criminals (Merriam Webster). Although the idea of justice is connotative to good intention, Marcus Tullus Cicero author of The Defense of Injustice, shares a different perspective to the notion of justice. In a persuasive dialogue, Laelius gives Philus the challenge to defend the idea of injustice, in which Philius successfully accomplishes, establishing a powerful argument. Cicero insists that the idea of doing the right thing and having a good intention comes from human weakness and not from the idea of justice. He believes that the idea of justice
…show more content…
However, that seems to be influenced by their human weakness, like selfishness that leads one 's interests over what other people want, and fear that has been enlisted in them, making them believe that something should be done. Take for example the drug cartels in Mexico, people believe that there should be justice brought a upon it all, due to the fear they have of being kidnapped or murdered. Nevertheless, it would be different if the drug cartels were fighting to benefit the people; therefore, the people would not be fearful of them. However, they are fighting on their human weakness, on what they believe in correct even if many others are killed and suffer. Philus asserts, "the weakness, not nature or good intention, is the mother of justice," since if people did not feel fear to what is considered wrong, they would not be asking for justice (Cicero 151). Humans are in constant search for justice they have been implanted the idea that justice "is the most generous and liberal of all virtues" and meant to "live for the benefit of others rather than of itself" (Cicero 148). This quotation means that human beings expect from others to give up their own in order to benefit the rest, or else they are not considered just. They have concluded that "justice...demands that [they] should be merciful to all men [and] act in the interests of the entire human race '" and not just themselves (Cicero 151). Humans often believe that if it does not benefit everyone it is not considered good or that if it is good it should be shared upon

Related Documents

  • Superior Essays

    Marcus Tullius Cicero was believed to be not only the greatest Latin writer but also the greatest writer in any language. Cicero was a greatly respected Roman philosopher and writer who tried teaching the Romans about Greek philosophy and rhetoric. He wrote his “Second Philippic Against Antony” to try to stop Marcus Antonius, better known as Mark Antony, from turning the Roman Republic from an oligarchy into an autocracy. To persuade the Roman citizens, Cicero used the art of rhetoric in his speeches. While reading his speech again, one can notice the use of Ethos, Pathos, and Logos—the three ways to persuade an audience, according to Greek philosopher Aristotle (Edlund).…

    • 1314 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Socrates and Thrasymachus’ Conception on Justice In Friedrich Nietzsche’s work, The Genealogy of Morality, he states that the existence of laws establishes what is just and unjust within a given society (Nietzsche 1280; sec 12). Thus, there does not seem to be anything explicitly virtuous for justice. In reference to the Republic, I will argue Socrates and Thrasymachus have different views on justice and will ultimately disagree with each other on Nietzsche 's conception of justice. Nietzsche’s entire work is trying to dissect morality from its origins.…

    • 1228 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “Chicago cop cleared in unarmed woman’s shooting death”. Headlines just like this are becoming common in today’s society and the main question that the community asks is “when will justice be served?” Living in a time where the black community keeps getting shot by the police and no consequences occur, we have no choice but to question, what is justice? Similar to the modern society, the one Plato lived in confronted this same question of justice. In this paper I will attempt to explain the view that Plato places before us through Socrates in The Republic as to what is justice and does it “pay” better than injustice in society.…

    • 795 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    What is Justice ? You may think you know, but Justice has many meanings in society. Everyone can have their own personal definition or meanings to justice. In my opinion, justice is when there is equal fairness in a situation in which there wasn’t before. Another way I look at justice is avenging yourself or avenging someone when you felt someone has been doing wrong towards you or someone else.…

    • 1073 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    According to Webster Dictionary, justice is defined as the quality of being just, impartial, or fair. This definition has been formed based off of many different perspectives from literature throughout history, beginning with the poets and tragedians in ancient Greece. Although they lived in similar areas and eras, writers of Greek mythology had different perspectives on the definition and enforcement of justice in their time. Readers see in The Libation Bearers that Aeschylus believes the gods have an active role in administering justice, done so in the form of revenge, which outweighs any problems brought to society. In contrast, Sophocles is unsure of who should enforce justice but comes to the realization that it can be less important than…

    • 1288 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The Definition Of Justice In Plato's Republic

    • 954 Words
    • 4 Pages
    • 1 Works Cited

    Justice can be described as “minding your own business.” The state and the ruler is just when its three classes or parts execute its own duties and do not interfere with each other. Therefore, injustice must be the opposite or as Socrates says, “…it must be a kind of civil war between the three parts, a meddling and doing of another ’s work, a rebellion by some part against the whole soul in order to rule it inappropriately (Plato…

    • 954 Words
    • 4 Pages
    • 1 Works Cited
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Elaborating the Definition of Justice Plato, the Republic is about the history of political thought, it includes long conversations and arguments among several intellects. Thrasymachus, a fierce fighter, argues that justice is what is good for the stronger and that the unjust man lives a more profitable life than the just man does. Socrates, Plato’s teacher, play the role in defending justice in all these arguments. He praises justices for itself and its consequences. Next, Glaucon and Adeimantus, sons of Ariston, restore Thrasymachus’s argument in a different prospect of perfectly unjust life is better than a perfectly just life.…

    • 835 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    “The sentiment of justice, in that one of its elements which consists of desire to punish is thus, I conceive, the natural feeling of retaliation or vengeance, rendered by intellect and sympathy applicable to those injuries, that is, to those hurts,…

    • 1441 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Justice: a set of values deemed "just" that are often used to establish law codes or serve as the basis for governments. And yet, despite its ability to invoke a moral high ground, the concept of justice may often go unexamined. However, in Book I of Plato's Republic, Polemarchus is forced to not only articulate a concise definition of justice, but is also forced to come to its defense in response to an inquisitive Socrates. Through the conversation between Polemarchus and Socrates, Plato forces the reader to question the traditional Greek perspective on justice and attempt to develop a new definition. Central to comprehending the conversation between Polemarchus and Socrates lies in understanding Polemarchus' notion of justice.…

    • 1132 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The City and the Soul The Republic written by Plato in Socratic dialogue is one of the earliest text concerning the subject of justice and forms of government. In the text, Socrates and other Athenians debate on the true meaning of justice. After establishing the premises, Socrates concludes his arguments by praising aristocracy as the best form of government because it is ruled by rational philosopher kings who are just, and critique other forms of government, especially democracy because the desire nature of the human soul rules the city. Today, both forms of government still exist, but democracy seems to be the ideal form of government in the western civilization. Socrates is wrong with his conclusion that aristocracy exceeds democracy because reason exceeds appetite in an aristocracy.…

    • 1231 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The first definition of justice is given to us by Cephalus, rich, well-respected elder of the city. He believes that justice is the act of telling the truth and paying one's dues or debts. And while his argument is good…

    • 1437 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Justice is a term that people use to describe as an act or behavior that represents the good people present to others and themselves. It serves as a moral high ground that people strive to be, although sometimes these thoughts can be twisted into its opposite and cause pain, anger, and other negative emotions and acts arise within people. This pain erupts into what is known as injustice and is the epitome of what people should not strive for due it bringing so much negativity. It is a moral choice that no one what’s to make due to the label that it puts on them making them into monsters in the eyes of others due to what they believe could have been done. Although, in some cases, injustice is sometimes the best choice in the matter if one is…

    • 1797 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Glaucon Justice Analysis

    • 1584 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Problem set 2 1.) What, according to the theory developed by Glaucon in Republic II, is justice? Why and in what sense is it good to be just person, and bad to be an unjust person? According to the theory developed by Glaucon, justice is the case where people agreed to be good to each other, so that not to end up in a chaos.…

    • 1584 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    What is justice? The common good? Are they just words of idealistic thinking, or do they have a deeper meaning? The way of life is difficult and full of fright. One of the new ways to think of this problem is communitarianism.…

    • 1287 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Both Plato and Augustine believed justice to be a prominent virtue. In Plato’s time, the majority argued that it was reputation that mattered and not the actual act of justice, and that justice itself was burdensome. To Plato, justice was practiced not as a burden, but practiced so “that anyone who is going to be blessed with happiness must love both because of itself and because of its consequences” (Plato, Republic, 358a). Augustine’s view of justice was similar; however, his take on injustice differed. While Plato did not see injustice as extremely problematic, Augustine disagreed, stating, “It is better to suffer than to commit injustice” (Augustine, On Christian Doctrine, 85).…

    • 1091 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays