John Broadus Watson's Techniques Of Classical Conditioning

Improved Essays
John Broadus Watson was an American psychologist who established that psychology should study only observable behavior, he was determined to demonstrate that fears could be conditioned, through a processes involving an association of stimuli. Watson believed that the goal of psychology must be to study something that is definable and observable. He was doing his research on conditioning of fear in humans. Watson had already done research to prove that young children are not naturally afraid of animals. Watson believed that perception should be studied by means of conditioning procedures (Hall 186). In other words, behavior is the relationship between stimuli and responses. The goal then of behaviorism is to predict and control behavior.
Watson began conducting research with children at John Hopkins Hospital and got the opportunity to study infant reflex and emotional responses. To demonstrate that
…show more content…
The terms used in classical conditioning theories are deliberately abstract so that their use can uncover the common principles behind different behaviors and behavioral challenges, like obesity, smoking, drug dependence, and anxiety disorders (Bouton81). We should give thanks to Watson’s discoveries of classic conditioning, as it provides us with very important techniques to help with modern day behavior challenges. I can say that I have used Watson’s techniques of classical conditioning on my children and it was very effective in modifying the unwanted response they displayed. Behaviors are very prevalent in today’s society and can use change. Especially, maladaptive behaviors such as drug use, anxiety and depression just to name a few. With the knowledge Watson has left us, many people will benefit from applying this knowledge and modifying their responses to certain stimuli that may be causing an unwanted reaction or

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Many have wondered what the book, “Little Emotional Albert” by Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R is about. In the title you can see the main topic is about emotion. The source that drags out the emotion in us all has been a huge spellbound to psychologist from past to present. It mentions that there are four studies that pertain to the responses of emotion. None other than Watson and Rayner themselves governed the above mentioned studies.…

    • 717 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Behaviourism arose in 1913 by John B. Watson who tried to leave the introspectionist theory behind and put his focus to mainly looking at intelligence and tried to narrow psychology to experimental laboratory methods. B.F Skinner and Ivan Pavlov focused on their concepts of conditioning which we know are Operant and Classical. The main assumptions of the Behaviourist theory is the idea of ‘free will’ is not correct and our behaviours have to be detected by our surrounding world either through being taught these or being associated by them. Pavlov studied the automatic responses and found a stimulus that could be the answer to this. His most famous work was his study of the digestive process of dogs and he wanted to see if dogs would start to…

    • 624 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Although we experience many emotions, such as fear, anger, joy, sadness, etc., throughout the day, have you ever wondered why we feel these emotions? Were we just born with the instinctual ability to feel these emotions, or did we learn to feel certain emotions towards certain things or situations? Amongst the many psychologists that set out to find the cause for emotions, a psychologist named John B. Watson immediately stands out. Not only was he able to discover the mystery behind emotions, but, in doing so, he was also able to literally change the direction that psychology was heading at the time. In the reading, “Little Emotional Albert,” from the book Forty Studies That Changed Psychology: Explorations into the History of Psychology Research…

    • 1130 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Jean Watson Behaviorism

    • 1761 Words
    • 8 Pages

    In Watson’s behavioral psychology behavior one looks at the whole organism and how it interacts in its environment. His view was an effort to make a science without subjective ideas, and have a science as objective as physics (Schultz, 1969). Watson started this research with little Albert, and observed emotional response…

    • 1761 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Psychology Through the Eyes of a Behaviorist John B. Watson was the first person to study human emotions systematically. In fact, back in his day, it was very common to think of fear as either a result of faulty reasoning or a form of instinctual reaction (Chance, 2014, 2009). In the first paragraph of “Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it”, Watson immediately points out the universal beliefs of behaviorists. One of the first ones is that psychology, from a behaviorist’s perspective, is a “purely objective experimental branch of natural science” (Watson, 1913). However, Watson makes it clear that he feels psychology has failed to project itself as such due to the false idea that its array of facts are “conscious phenomena” (Kimble and Thompson, 1994) and that introspection is the only straightforward confirmation of these facts.…

    • 1047 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The psychological studies that John Watson and Rosalie Rayner conducted a classical condition study on a 9-month old baby that he called Albert B. the infant boy started in the experiment loving animals, and a white rat. Watson startled the rat with a loud sound of a hammer hitting the metal, Albert begins to develop a phobia a fear of white rats as well as most animals and furry objects. Many people have logical fears of animals, even myself is scared of every little creature that crawls, walk or run. Those of whom suffer from a phobia like seeing a person standing on a chair screaming “A SPIDER”! Even going to the doctors to get your shots extend to your health suffer.…

    • 785 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Skinner V. Skinner

    • 665 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Learning theories are central to the discipline of psychology, therefore, impossible to separate the history of learning theories from the history of psychology. Learning defined as a lasting change in behaviours or beliefs that result from experience, the ability to learn provides every living organism with the ability to adapt to changing environments (Skinner, 1938). Learning theories evolved to separate into two perspectives. First, the behaviourist perspective argues that learning be studied by observation and manipulation of stimulus-response associations. John Watson, who argued that psychology should be the study of observable phenomena, not the study of consciousness, or the mind, first articulated behaviourist perspective in 1913.…

    • 665 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Watson’s views on behaviorism were influenced by the idea of Unconditioned Stimulus…

    • 782 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    The innovation of modern day behavioralism started as a movement brought back to the methodological proposals of John B. Watson, who named the term. According to B.F. Skinner, a critically acclaimed psychologist, behaviorism is the philosophy behind the science of behavior. Skinner was mainly known for defining radical behaviorism, a philosophy that embodied the basis of his school of research, named the EAB. While EAB (Experimental analysis for behaviorism) differs from other subtle approaches to behavioral research on countless theoretical points, radical behaviorism takes a departure from methodological behaviorism most poignantly in accepting feelings as well as states of mind as existent and scientifically feasible. This is done by classifying them as something non-dualistic, and here Skinner takes a divide-and-conquer approach, with some instances being identified with bodily conditions or behavior, and others getting a more extended "analysis" in terms of…

    • 706 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    To further explain classical conditioning in a lighter tone, in a “Lumen Learning” article informing, “..conditioning has been used as a successful form of treatment..in substance abuse and smoking.” (Lumen Learning). These treatments include having a uncomfortable or undesirable stimulus which results in having a different perspective on the past substance abuse. This may sound like it’s practical but this is another form controlling a person's thought process, relating to psychology is potentially dangerous. In a “ConnectUs” article it explains how conditioning is not useful even if it’s for good.…

    • 996 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    John B. Watson, who is considered to be the “father” of behaviorism, was the founder of it. Behaviorism is a theory in which behaviors are learned and developed though conditioning. It is completely based off of peoples’ behaviors, instead of their mind. This is because Watson believed that observation is the key to success in psychology, and behaviors can be directly observed, while the contents inside of the mind cannot. To have children aim towards putting forth effort, instead of receiving praises, conditioning needs to take place.…

    • 1123 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Psychologist John Watson invented the term behaviorism, defining it as being “the view that psychology’s goal should be to study directly observable behavior and to understand how the events in the environment outside the organism produce behavior” (Watson 17). Watson believed it was unscientific to study “Private Events” and that someone’s behavior should be directly observed. Studying a person’s behavior is not just one step, but many. These steps include watching someone’s reaction to everything. Behaviorism focuses more on a person’s behavior to the environment in which surrounds them.…

    • 838 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    Unit 2 – Approaches to learning theories Learning is the demonstration of knowledge of an action, which they did not know before” (Honey and Mumford. 1996) Understanding teaching and coaching it is important to have knowledge regarding the different approaches in learning styles and how they can be applied in a sporting scenario, which enables coaches and athletes to maximize their potential. The definition of learning can be contextualized by two paradigms, which are humanism and behaviorism Humanism…

    • 1591 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Classical conditioning can be used to help a person overcome the fear of something through systematic desensitization. This technique helps a person to overcome fear elicited by something or a situation by approaching the feared situation gradually, in a psycho-physiological state that inhibits the fear. Classical conditioning can also be used in treating substance abuse problems such as alcoholism and smoking through aversion therapy where a paired association is formed between substance abuse and unpleasant experiences. In advertising, classical conditioning can be used successfully by pairing products with stimuli that elicit positive emotions in the targeted…

    • 1205 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    1. There are many different ways humans and organisms learn. According to Feldman, R. S., (1989), learning is defined as, “a relatively permanent change in behavior that is brought about by experience.” The two types of learning principles we will be discussing are classical conditioning and operant conditioning. A Russian physiologist named Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning.…

    • 1615 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Great Essays