Behaviourism arose in 1913 by John B. Watson who tried to leave the introspectionist theory behind and put his focus to mainly looking at intelligence and tried to narrow psychology to experimental laboratory methods. B.F Skinner and Ivan Pavlov focused on their concepts of conditioning which we know are Operant and Classical. The main assumptions of the Behaviourist theory is the idea of ‘free will’ is not correct and our behaviours have to be detected by our surrounding world either through being taught these or being associated by them. Pavlov studied the automatic responses and found a stimulus that could be the answer to this. His most famous work was his study of the digestive process of dogs and he wanted to see if dogs would start to
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The main features of the classical conditioning is the way it is learned and this is through associations. An object would become the stimulus and how it is responded too becomes known as the unconditioned response as we aren’t taught or conditioned, for example in the dog experiment the bell is the stimulus and the food and water are the unconditioned responses as the dog didn’t need to be taught or conditioned to salivate at the sight of these. The main features of the condition are stimulus generalisation and discrimination, extinction and recovery. Generalisation is a type of condition where it promotes a similar response after the response has been learned. Secondly, discrimination is to break of the conditioned response with an other response it has not already been doubled with. Moreover, recovery is the bringing back of a response that has never really been forgotten and lastly the extinction involves the behaviour fading and decreasing away. Watson conducted a famous study called ‘Little Albert’ where he exposed Albert to a series of things which he showed no fear for, he then brought a rat in and made loud banging noises, Albert began to cry at the noises and after repeatedly doing this, Albert became highly fearful of not just rats but all furry
The main features of the classical conditioning is the way it is learned and this is through associations. An object would become the stimulus and how it is responded too becomes known as the unconditioned response as we aren’t taught or conditioned, for example in the dog experiment the bell is the stimulus and the food and water are the unconditioned responses as the dog didn’t need to be taught or conditioned to salivate at the sight of these. The main features of the condition are stimulus generalisation and discrimination, extinction and recovery. Generalisation is a type of condition where it promotes a similar response after the response has been learned. Secondly, discrimination is to break of the conditioned response with an other response it has not already been doubled with. Moreover, recovery is the bringing back of a response that has never really been forgotten and lastly the extinction involves the behaviour fading and decreasing away. Watson conducted a famous study called ‘Little Albert’ where he exposed Albert to a series of things which he showed no fear for, he then brought a rat in and made loud banging noises, Albert began to cry at the noises and after repeatedly doing this, Albert became highly fearful of not just rats but all furry