Howley saw from the start that the Soviets were no longer allies, but a difficult co-occupier. However, he was all but alone in this for quite some time. Truman refused to see signs of the coming breakdown of relations. He was following Eisenhower’s policies and believed that the Soviets were still allies.4 However, reality was quickly becoming just the opposite. The Soviets immediately made occupying Berlin difficult. The Soviets completely controlled the electricity and other utilities and would not hear to joint control.5 They expected the U.S. to feed oll of Berlin because the Soviets simply would not and could not (which was accurate). The Soviets were also demanding billions in war reparations from Germany. The United States flatly denied
