ve the developed countries the advantage when they purchased these materials from the developing nations (Martinussen, 1997: 91). This practice was seen as a catalyst of underdevelopment. Emmanuel’s theory became the subject of much debate and many theorists reworked some of his ideas. In the 1970s Geoffery Kay came up with his own theory of unequal exchange and he attempted to incorporate the ideas of Emmanuel to it to try and explain his ideas on the causes of underdevelopment. His theory differed from Emmanuel’s as Kay put extra emphasis on market position (Martinussen, 1997: 91-92). He stated that industrial capitalism is the thing that will allow the emergence of a commercial bourgeoisie in the underdeveloped countries to occur (Martinussen,
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These two theories differ in their fundamental assumptions and their methodologies are dissimilar (Valenzuela and Valenzuela, 1978: 550). Modernisation theory is a behaviour based theory. The basis of this theory is to get people to change their traditions and beliefs in in doing so they will theoretically experience development. This is called a microsociological approach (Valenzuela and Valenzuela, 1978: 550). Dependency theory is more of a structurally based theory. The focus in this theory is factors like political and economic links, modes of production, class systems and the elites of that country (Valenzuela and Valenzuela, 1978: 550). This is known as a macrosociological approach. Modernisation uses the national society as an indicator when analysis is done; dependency uses the global system when conducting analysis.The fundamental difference between these two theories is that the proponents of dependency theory consider human behaviour constant when it comes to economic matters. They follow the assumption that the differences in behaviour of the people are due to their situations differing from person to person(Valenzuela and Valenzuela, 1978: 550-551).Modernisation theorists assume human behaviour is relative and their behaviour is directly liked to their beliefs and cultural ideals, structures and economic patterns are not a factor according to the principles of the modernisation theory (Valenzuela and Valenzuela, 1978: 551). Modernisation theorists believe that change in the underdeveloped countries will only occur after that society had embraced modernity. Dependency theorists believe that change will occur only after the dependent relationship between the developing and developed country is severed (Valenzuela and Valenzuela, 1978:
These two theories differ in their fundamental assumptions and their methodologies are dissimilar (Valenzuela and Valenzuela, 1978: 550). Modernisation theory is a behaviour based theory. The basis of this theory is to get people to change their traditions and beliefs in in doing so they will theoretically experience development. This is called a microsociological approach (Valenzuela and Valenzuela, 1978: 550). Dependency theory is more of a structurally based theory. The focus in this theory is factors like political and economic links, modes of production, class systems and the elites of that country (Valenzuela and Valenzuela, 1978: 550). This is known as a macrosociological approach. Modernisation uses the national society as an indicator when analysis is done; dependency uses the global system when conducting analysis.The fundamental difference between these two theories is that the proponents of dependency theory consider human behaviour constant when it comes to economic matters. They follow the assumption that the differences in behaviour of the people are due to their situations differing from person to person(Valenzuela and Valenzuela, 1978: 550-551).Modernisation theorists assume human behaviour is relative and their behaviour is directly liked to their beliefs and cultural ideals, structures and economic patterns are not a factor according to the principles of the modernisation theory (Valenzuela and Valenzuela, 1978: 551). Modernisation theorists believe that change in the underdeveloped countries will only occur after that society had embraced modernity. Dependency theorists believe that change will occur only after the dependent relationship between the developing and developed country is severed (Valenzuela and Valenzuela, 1978: