Beryllium
General Characteristics According to Hornbostel (1991), Beryllium is a hard, exceptionally, lightweight, gray-white metal, corrosion resistant at ordinary temperatures; chemically it is related to aluminum. Other than titanium, it is the only light metal which has both good strength and a high melting point. Additionally, it is a good electrical conductor, has high modulus of elasticity, exceptionally transmit x-rays and sounds at very high velocities. Moreover, it has the ability to act as a source, moderator and reflector of neutrons. It can be forged, rolled and extruded, machined, punched, sheared and casted by vacuum casting. Commercially, it is available in block, rod, sheet, pebble, metal disk, foil and powder form.
Beryllium and its Alloys Beryllium has construction and non-construction uses. According to Hornbostel (1991), it can be used in aerospace, atomic applications, powder metallurgy, special mirrors and x-ray tubes for non-construction purposes. For construction purposes, it used as a basis of abrasives for main ingredient, aluminum for hardening and increasing tensile strength, cobalt for hardening, increasing tensile strength and corrosion resistance, and copper for increasing strength, tensile strength, fatigue and corrosion resistance and stability at high temperature. It is also a component of iron and steel for hardening, magnesium for increasing corrosion resistance and reducing flammability, nickel for increasing strength and corrosion resistance, and zinc for improving creep and corrosion resistance. Beryllium also serves as an allied non construction material for insulators and electronics. Another alloy of Beryllium is the Beryllium-Copper. …show more content…
It can withstand fatigue and wear, and can be strengthened and hardened to an accurately controllable degree. It can be easily casted, corrosion resistant and reproduce fine detail. Moreover, it has high electrical conductivity at high temperatures. To introduce Beryllium into metals, Beryllium alloys of magnesium-aluminum, aluminum, nickel, copper, iron or cobalt are always used (Hornbostel, 1991). According to Harper (2001), Beryllium oxide, with a melting point of 2585 °C and specific gravity of 3.025, is a cubic close-packed and has a zinc blende structure. It is stable in dry atmospheres. At high temperature, it reacts with graphite. And for 1100 °C and above, it hydrolyzes. It is electrically resistant and is a good thermal conductor. Tin General Characteristics According to Harper (2001), tin is a non-toxic material, coupled with corrosion protection, has good solderability, ductility and lubricity. Generally, it is a low cost material. \ Tin and its Alloys Tin-Lead It is made up of about 50 to 70 % Tin depending on its purpose. It is etch resistant and has good solderability. However, solderability can be affected by metallic, organic impurities and aging. It provide good atmospheric corrosion protection for steel and overlays for bearings and wire coatings (Harper, 2001). Tin-Zinc Tin-zinc alloy has a satin white-colored appearance. Depending on its purpose and application, it can have 25 to 80 % Zinc component. However, 25 % zinc is widely used for it provides good wear resistance, hardness, corrosion protection, …show more content…
It also used to eliminate the use of lead and cadmium and minimize the use of zinc and nickel. Also, it is used in immersion deposition for all surface replaceable ions to become tin. However, to attain good results, a good base metal preparation is needed. It is an environment-acceptable process and has a low cost. In electrodeposition, it is used as an alternative for tin-lead and cadmium coatings due to its good solderability and corrosion resistance. But, formation of thin whiskers can also be observed. It can also be used in hot dipping, autocatalytic deposition and spraying (Harper,
General Characteristics According to Hornbostel (1991), Beryllium is a hard, exceptionally, lightweight, gray-white metal, corrosion resistant at ordinary temperatures; chemically it is related to aluminum. Other than titanium, it is the only light metal which has both good strength and a high melting point. Additionally, it is a good electrical conductor, has high modulus of elasticity, exceptionally transmit x-rays and sounds at very high velocities. Moreover, it has the ability to act as a source, moderator and reflector of neutrons. It can be forged, rolled and extruded, machined, punched, sheared and casted by vacuum casting. Commercially, it is available in block, rod, sheet, pebble, metal disk, foil and powder form.
Beryllium and its Alloys Beryllium has construction and non-construction uses. According to Hornbostel (1991), it can be used in aerospace, atomic applications, powder metallurgy, special mirrors and x-ray tubes for non-construction purposes. For construction purposes, it used as a basis of abrasives for main ingredient, aluminum for hardening and increasing tensile strength, cobalt for hardening, increasing tensile strength and corrosion resistance, and copper for increasing strength, tensile strength, fatigue and corrosion resistance and stability at high temperature. It is also a component of iron and steel for hardening, magnesium for increasing corrosion resistance and reducing flammability, nickel for increasing strength and corrosion resistance, and zinc for improving creep and corrosion resistance. Beryllium also serves as an allied non construction material for insulators and electronics. Another alloy of Beryllium is the Beryllium-Copper. …show more content…
It can withstand fatigue and wear, and can be strengthened and hardened to an accurately controllable degree. It can be easily casted, corrosion resistant and reproduce fine detail. Moreover, it has high electrical conductivity at high temperatures. To introduce Beryllium into metals, Beryllium alloys of magnesium-aluminum, aluminum, nickel, copper, iron or cobalt are always used (Hornbostel, 1991). According to Harper (2001), Beryllium oxide, with a melting point of 2585 °C and specific gravity of 3.025, is a cubic close-packed and has a zinc blende structure. It is stable in dry atmospheres. At high temperature, it reacts with graphite. And for 1100 °C and above, it hydrolyzes. It is electrically resistant and is a good thermal conductor. Tin General Characteristics According to Harper (2001), tin is a non-toxic material, coupled with corrosion protection, has good solderability, ductility and lubricity. Generally, it is a low cost material. \ Tin and its Alloys Tin-Lead It is made up of about 50 to 70 % Tin depending on its purpose. It is etch resistant and has good solderability. However, solderability can be affected by metallic, organic impurities and aging. It provide good atmospheric corrosion protection for steel and overlays for bearings and wire coatings (Harper, 2001). Tin-Zinc Tin-zinc alloy has a satin white-colored appearance. Depending on its purpose and application, it can have 25 to 80 % Zinc component. However, 25 % zinc is widely used for it provides good wear resistance, hardness, corrosion protection, …show more content…
It also used to eliminate the use of lead and cadmium and minimize the use of zinc and nickel. Also, it is used in immersion deposition for all surface replaceable ions to become tin. However, to attain good results, a good base metal preparation is needed. It is an environment-acceptable process and has a low cost. In electrodeposition, it is used as an alternative for tin-lead and cadmium coatings due to its good solderability and corrosion resistance. But, formation of thin whiskers can also be observed. It can also be used in hot dipping, autocatalytic deposition and spraying (Harper,