This article written by Cashmore & Shackel looks at the differences of child abuse between male and female. A study conducted by Widom and Morris (1997) found that men were much more reluctant to label child sexual experiences as abuse than women. The authors of this article stated that males are less likely than females to disclose child sexual abuse at the time of abuse, and that when they do disclose, they take longer and make fewer and more selective disclosures. The authors of this article took samples of studies of child sexual abuse in different countries which had different study samples and sources. One sample …show more content…
Newbury addressed the role of admissions and confessions in historical child sexual abuse investigations in which an investigator would seek different types of evidence from different sources such as offenders, victims, witnesses, crime scenes, and exhibits. Also, this article goes into detail on how admissions and confessions could be obtained including a direct approach (police interview), a covert approach, documentary and electronic exhibits and legal proceedings. Furthermore, Newbury looks at the right to silence when it comes to a police interview to be admissible and the use of telecommunications interception to obtain admissions and confessions from …show more content…
The author goes into detail explaining that the criminal justice system deals with crimes that are immediately or soon discovered, investigated and ultimately prosecuted compared to how the system proceeds on a child sexual abuse case which is a long process. Shead also goes into detail on the nature of the crime and the police investigation and explains that these investigations are difficult for a number of reasons which are the actual coming out and complaining about a crime that had occurred and the victims of child sexual abuse and the amount of time. The author goes into detail about the delay in complaint and explains that research had been done about common beliefs and misconceptions regarding child sexual abuse and the children’s memory, reliability, suggestibility and reactions has revealed considerable uncertainty and variability among jurors, potential jurors and judicial officers about children’s capacities and motivations as complaints (Cashmore and Bussey 1996; Cashmore and Trimboli 2006; Cossins, Goodman-Delahunty and O’Brien 2009.) In addition, Shead writes about the specificity requirements, case management, cross examination, complaint evidence, context evidence, separation of trials: concoction and tendency evidence, and the lack of expert