speech. The speech was calling for an international "quarantine" against the "epidemic of world lawlessness"
by aggressive nations as an alternative to the political climate of American neutrality and non-intervention
that was prevalent at the time. The speech intensified America's isolationist mood, causing protest by non-
interventionists and foes to intervene. No countries were directly mentioned in the speech, although it was
interpreted as referring to Japan, Italy, and Germany. Roosevelt suggested the use of economic pressure, a
forceful response, but less direct than outright aggression. Roosevelt didn’t want to create