In addition, Europeans have a lifestyle where they stayed in one place year round. Their lifestyle in New England was very much dependent on settled agriculture. According to Cronon, European used deforestation and girdling method to provide space for plantation and pasture for their livestocks. However, their agricultural practices greatly affected New England landscape in the Colonial Era because it uses up all the available nutrients in the soil and the soil can't grow crops any more. Europeans practice the gridling method to bring back nutrient to the soil. “It return at least some of their nutrients to soil” (Cronon, 116). Girdling is a process in which the barks of a an tree was removed in order to prevent the leaves from growing and
