The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA) was passed by Congress to “protect and recover imperiled species and the ecosystems upon which they depend” (Fish and Wildlife Service, 2017, para. 1). The ESA is administered by both The United States Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), and The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) (FWS, 2017). The protections afforded by the ESA, which are in part, found in Sec. 9 which prohibits the taking of any endangered species within the United States, and prohibits interstate or international trading of species that are either protected or endangered without permit. The term “take” can be explained as any method which allows the person to use the animal for their own purpose, the exact definition being found
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Wolves are considered a top-level predator species as well as a critical part of a healthy natural ecosystem and maintaining sustainable population levels for these predators is critical in limiting levels of vermin and reducing the overpopulation of deer herds (Defenders of wildlife, n.d.). According to Doremus, (2010) the ESA was drafted when law was viewed as which does not change, while the idea of ecology began to be viewed as something that constantly changes (Doremus, 2010). This research study will attempt to explain how support for re-introduction of wolves continues to suffer setbacks from conflict on many fronts such as: 1) livestock farmers who cite detrimental effects to livestock, 2) the concept of “open range” woven throughout the policy and regulations is concerned with protecting the individual rights to own land and control how it is used (Donahue, 2005). And, 3) from recreational interests concerned with increased human-carnivore conflict. The project’s goal is to increase support of the reintroduction of predators by determining the reasons people views on wolves are negative, or why they’re not. The research project will then use the data collected to create educational opportunities in support of wolf
Wolves are considered a top-level predator species as well as a critical part of a healthy natural ecosystem and maintaining sustainable population levels for these predators is critical in limiting levels of vermin and reducing the overpopulation of deer herds (Defenders of wildlife, n.d.). According to Doremus, (2010) the ESA was drafted when law was viewed as which does not change, while the idea of ecology began to be viewed as something that constantly changes (Doremus, 2010). This research study will attempt to explain how support for re-introduction of wolves continues to suffer setbacks from conflict on many fronts such as: 1) livestock farmers who cite detrimental effects to livestock, 2) the concept of “open range” woven throughout the policy and regulations is concerned with protecting the individual rights to own land and control how it is used (Donahue, 2005). And, 3) from recreational interests concerned with increased human-carnivore conflict. The project’s goal is to increase support of the reintroduction of predators by determining the reasons people views on wolves are negative, or why they’re not. The research project will then use the data collected to create educational opportunities in support of wolf