Aquinas Double Effect Analysis

Improved Essays
Aquinas double-effect reasoning comes as moral questions treating the moral topics with nature of human action, action, virtues, vices, sins, grace and faith surrounding the analysis of self-defense in order of judging human action. Peter Knauer looks at double effect as the basis for every moral judgment. When you have a proportional reason for doing what you are doing then what might appear to be a direct killing because of the proportionate reason it becomes an indirect killing. Or what appears to be moral evil, if you have a proportionate reason for doing what your doing then it becomes a physical evil. Death row is an example of direct killing. Knauer would say that if the government has a proportionate reason for doing what it’s doing then it becomes an indirect killing. Most people would look at the death penalty as a direct killing and not an indirect killing. Double effect reasoning is central for knauer, it brings justification to any act as long as double effect reasoning is applied justifying a premoral evil. Aquinas speaks of intending ends, Gury of positing causes. Intentionality …show more content…
We maintain that there are kinds of actions, which can be labeled good acts or bad acts not saying anymore than that I have a concrete intention, in a concrete circumstance for a concrete reason, but the first moral determinant is the key to Catholic morality since it is intrinsic to the action. Whereas the circumstances that surround it are extrinsic to the action. In large part these are difficult applications, but applying them with some common sense will helps us avoid two extremes, one being not paying attention to consequences as long as I have a nice intention and the other extreme that I can not have anything to do with anything that results in evil in any

Related Documents

  • Great Essays

    Immanuel Kant On Duty

    • 1621 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Philosophy is a discipline that studies how one ought to live, as well as study reality, nature, existence, etc. However, there are a number of philosophers who propose differing sets of morals and have different ideas of living life to its fullest (Singer v. Mill). Kant proposes that moral actions are defined by the motivation of an action, and later on explains that moral actions are duties through reason, rather than inclination. This essay will explain the validity of Kant’s argument by first explaining Kant’s view on duty, then analyse his view of duty as an object of good will, which pertains to motivations without the slightest selfishness, then argue for moral duties motivated by duty instead of inclination based on reason. It is difficult…

    • 1621 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The book is designed to provide a textbook that gives insight defining the differences and differing perspectives to Christian Ethics. The book also provides a comprehensive analysis three of the distinct phases of western Christianity. The book is divided into five sections, the first section pertaining to the methodological issues in Christian ethics. The second through section four focuses on the issues in social ethics. Section five pertains to the personal status.…

    • 385 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Aquinas believes that human law was placed in a position to trust God in the changes that society has created for itself. Aquinas sees the end result of human nature taken upon one’s own mistake and not following God’s way as a sin. “Sin usually harms its more direct victims, as well as the sinner herself, who…

    • 154 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Nathanson’s main point is that the capital punishment is a form of cruel and unusual punishment, denying individuals of their human desert (natural rights that don’t need to be earned and cannot be taken away) and setting a bad example for the rest of society. No matter anyone’s actions, they retain a certain level of dignity and should the state infringe upon this, the state thus promotes violence and its continuation (in the form of retaliation). While respecting the law is important, we must always be critical of it as injustice can always become present. A counterargument to Nathanson’s ideas would discuss cruel and unusual punishment.…

    • 331 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Stephen Nathanson, who wrote “An eye for an eye?” suggests the factual and moral beliefs about the death penalty are wrong and need to be strictly abolished. The passage states, “ A person’s actions, it seems, provide not only a basis for a moral appraisal of the person but also a guide to how he should be treated”. Also stated, “ What people deserve as recipients of rewards or punishments is determined by what they do as agents”. The argument claiming people should get a punishment based on what they do is accurate. What is not accurate however, is suggesting if someone murders another person, they should receive capital punishment.…

    • 1234 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Dark Ghettos Essay

    • 957 Words
    • 4 Pages

    3. In Tommie Shelby’s book, “Dark Ghettos: Injustice, Dissent, and Reform,” he argues that residents of dark ghettos do not have the same civic obligation as citizens who reside outside of these ghettos do because civic obligations are rooted in reciprocity and the residents of dark ghettos are disenfranchised and discriminated against to the point that they are not receiving the benefits and protections that they should from society. I completely agree with Shelby’s position, I don’t think that those who are severely oppressed have to comply with civic duties because these duties often times are used to perpetuate their oppression and because by disregarding societal norms and laws the oppressed can force the society to change for the better and become more egalitarian.…

    • 957 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In this paper, I will discuss Nathansons argument against capital punishment. I will discuss how Nathanson has responses to Haags arguments with two cases. I argue that Haag has good responses but I would agree with Nathanson to say that one must treat everyone the same depending on their crimes without treating each criminal differently even though they have committed the same crime but are not getting the same punishment. Haag’s primary objection in capital punishment was that it does not matter if the death penalty is administered arbitrarily because individual punishments depend on individual quilt alone, and whether punishments are distributed equally among the class of guilty persons does not matter.…

    • 1008 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The Mental Element

    • 515 Words
    • 3 Pages

    It is by and large concurred that the crucial elements of any wrongdoing are (1) a deliberate demonstration or exclusion (actus reus), joined by (2) a specific perspective (mens rea). A demonstration might be any sort of intentional human conduct. Developments made in an epileptic seizure are not acts, nor are developments made by a somnambulist before arousing, regardless of the fact that they bring about the demise of someone else. Criminal risk for the outcome additionally requires that the mischief done more likely than not been brought on by the denounced. The test of causal relationship in the middle of behavior and result is that the occasion would not have happened the same path without direct interest of the guilty party.…

    • 515 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Kant's Moral Explanations

    • 2003 Words
    • 9 Pages

    a person’s standards of behavior or beliefs concerning what is and is not acceptable for them to do. This essay intends point out the relevant aspects of moral theologians, Kant, Mill, Aristotle and Held and to answer the question of the best suited approach in resolving ethical problems and dilemmas. Kant I have found that Kant’s theory is the most complicated and confusing of the four. It was only made somewhat clear by the explanation in O’Neill’s reading.…

    • 2003 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The key features of the argument on supporting the death penalty developed by Ernest Van Den Haag first focuses on matters of mal-distribution and determining if an individual really deserves it, second the miscarriages of justice, third if the death penalty is a better deterrence than other punishments, fourth the incidental issues that the death penalty promotes, and fifth justice, excess, and degradation. The first argument that Ernest Van Den Haag argues is on the matter of mal-distribution, and determining whether an individual really deserves capital punishment. He expresses his view that mal-distribution being compared between those individuals who are guilty or innocent is undeserved. The acts of capital punishment upon an individual who knowingly commits a crime and is considered guilty in that sense deserves the punishment. However, on the other hand he considers that when mal-distribution is then put upon an innocent life that did not commit the crime but is considered guilty is seen as than unjust.…

    • 1032 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Catholic moral reasoning does not solely rely on the sources and norms of the Catholic Church in order to obtain friendship with God. While the sources and norms serve as the primary ways to achieve and know friendship with God there are different aids that are available to help one pursue one’s proper ends. The aids are broken into external and internal. There are also obstacles that stand in the way or interrupt one’s pursuit of the good; these are called vices. With the help of the external and internal aids, along with the pursuit of virtue one can overcome vice and reach one’s proper end.…

    • 1115 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    In the last Chapter, Rachels discusses the creation of a "Satisfactory Moral Theory”, in this paper I will discuss my own creation of the Satisfactory Moral Theory. The moral theories are supposed to help us decide what are the right and wrong actions, but, not all the moral theories are perfect. We may feel that a certain conclusion to a problem is fair or unfair, but what theory do we use to make judgments?. I will start with the cultural relativism theory, to understand different cultures, There is a need to know that one community’s beliefs and practices are not usually the same as the other community. In fact, cultural relativism seems the most applicable approach to be taken on for communications purposes.…

    • 1181 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Personal ethics plays an important role in every aspect of our lives. From the great classical philosophers, such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, to the more modern ones such as Immanuel Kant, philosophical ideologies have attempted to answer moral dilemmas such as right and wrong or good and evil for millennia. In this paper, I will discuss and share my personal ethical framework and how that framework applies to my personal and professional responsibilities. Theories Aligned with Personal Moral Framework.…

    • 1340 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Great Essays

    Kant explains that developing a “metaphysics of morals” help us gain a clear understanding of moral principles to align them with our moral duties. Kant argues moral principles are not based on factors such as circumstances, needs, and desires; they derive from a priori concepts. He makes the claims that actions are considered moral if they are performed without underlying motives, not on the basis of consequences, and not based out of mere duty. Kant is not a consequentialist and thinks intentions behind an action determines if it is good or bad. This is interrelated with the concept of good will.…

    • 1649 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    The concept of ‘law’ has proven itself a tricky one to articulate. Despite its relevance within society, it is hard to condense the idea of law down to its core tenets. In their quest for a concise definition, legal theorists have approached law from different angles, and have tended to divide themselves into two groups – those who believe that any summation of law must include reference to morality, and those who believe that the idea of law either can or must be completely distinguished from any moral considerations. This essay will consider the views of hard and soft legal positivists Joseph Raz and H.L.A. Hart, and natural law theorist Thomas Aquinas, in order to argue that, while all of these theories capture something of the relationship…

    • 1632 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays

Related Topics