Western Civ

Front 1

Elizabeth I

Back 1

Ruled England from 1558-1603

Front 2

Marie-Therese of Austria

Back 2

Queen of the Austria-Hungary empire from 1745-1780

Front 3

French Colonies

Back 3

sent both Catholics and Protestants(Huguenots) -profits from sugar in Haiti and furs in N.Amer.

Front 4

English Colonies

Back 4

Puritans - hostile relations with the natives

Front 5

Seven Years War
(French and Indian War)

Back 5

1st true world war
British vs. French over colonial possessions

Front 6

Serfs

Back 6

bought and sold with the land, not separated from the land

Front 7

Copernicus

Back 7

contradicted church teachings, sun centered universe

Front 8

Prince Henry

Back 8

"The Navigator" son of king of portugal, created a think tank of mariners, experts...portuguese were 1st to sail down west coast of Africa

Front 9

Causes and Events of the French Revolution

Back 9

inspired by the Amer. Rev. success
tax burden King Louis XVI
French peasants joined
attacked feudal privileges of the nobles, High nat'l debt

Front 10

3 estates

Back 10

1st - clergy, practically no taxes paid
2nd - nobility - owned 1/4 of the land, not heavily taxed, had the right to tax peasants
3rd - commoners, 98% of the population
2nd -

Front 11

National Assembly

Back 11

"tennis court oath"
3rd estate declared itself to be the national assembly, written a new constitution

Front 12

The Great Fear

Back 12

peasants looted homes of lords, burned documents, seized land

Front 13

Marquis de Lafayette

Back 13

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Front 14

October Violence

Back 14

people out of work, women marched to Versailles, raided, looted and hacked royal bodyguards to death

Front 15

Maximilien de Robespierre

Back 15

leader of the montegnards, felt the central govt must be powerful, loyal to the revolution; led the reign of terror

Front 16

John Calvin

Back 16

geneva, Institutes of the Christian Religion, thrift, industry and hard work

Front 17

John Knox

Back 17

Scotland, Presbyterian Church, calvinist principles

Front 18

Council of Trent

Back 18

catholic church, predominance of the pope, reaffirmed the importance of the priest, forbade the sale of indulgences

Front 19

Thirty Years War

Back 19

religious and political struggles within the empire, started with struggle with the throne of Bohemia

Front 20

Peace of Westphalia

Back 20

marked the end of any remaining power of the Holy Roman Empire

Front 21

Expansionism

Back 21

"gold, god, glory", economic motives, religious motives and adventure
Faster ships, magnetic compass, improved mapmaking

Front 22

Mercantilism

Back 22

Spanish Empire best example, colonies existed for the mother country, discouraged colonies from developing their trade

Front 23

Social and Economic Impact of Colonialism

Back 23

deaths of millions of natives, african slaves, spanish empires gold economy, latin amer agricultural,

Front 24

Triangular Trade

Back 24

Amer manufactured products to the west indies, exchanged for molasses, transport to New England for rum, some rum taken to africa to be exchanged for slaves, then they were carried to the west indies

Front 25

Thomas Hobbes

Back 25

natural state of human beings to be at war with each other, the need for peace delegated to the state or the monarch=rationale for absolutism

Front 26

Ideal Absolutist State

Back 26

monarch all powerful head of state, strong central bureaucracy, central tax collection, personal standing army

Front 27

Constitutionalism

Back 27

power of govt is defined and limited by law

Front 28

Louis XIV

Back 28

"I am the State", Sun King, dominant power in European politics, Versailles, drained the treasury from all his wars

Front 29

Jean-Baptise Colbert

Back 29

tried to improve french econ with mercantilism

Front 30

Frederick William I and the Prussian Kingdom

Back 30

created a central authority, large army, enlightened despotism

Front 31

Peter the Great

Back 31

efficient bureaucracy, secularized the church, encouraged western ideas, enlightened despot

Front 32

English Civil War

Back 32

war in ireland, parliament and the kind arguing over $,parliament wins and abolishes the monarchy

Front 33

Oliver Cromwell

Back 33

named Lord Protector of England

Front 34

The Glorious Revolution

Back 34

laid the foundation for a permanent constitutional monarchy in England, English bill of rights

Front 35

Galileo

Back 35

telescope, discovered mtns on the moon, rings around saturn, condemned by the church

Front 36

Sir francis Bacon

Back 36

empirical methods of investigation

Front 37

Rene Descartes

Back 37

the deductive method, specific truths from observations

Front 38

Voltaire

Back 38

Candide, satirical view of society, wanted to protect fundamental freedoms

Front 39

Industrial Revolution

Back 39

new quantities of goods at lower prices, nature of society transformed, employment, standards of living, political movements,

Front 40

Agricultural Revolution

Back 40

selective breeding, crop rotation, enclosure movement - food production increases