Voa Anatomy, Nervous System

Front 1

What is the nervous system responsible for?

Back 1

Coordination and control of body activity.

Front 2

What are the 3 functions of the nervous system?

Back 2

Receives and processes internal and external information, evaluates the information and formulates the appropriate response

Front 3

What are the 4 major structures of the nervous system?

Back 3

Brain, Spinal Cord, Peripheral nerves and Sensory organs

Front 4

What are the 2 major divisions of the Nervous System?

Back 4

Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Front 5

What does the CNS contain (2)?

Back 5

brain and spinal cord

Front 6

What does the PNS contain (3)?

Back 6

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, automatic nervous system

Front 7

Define NEURON

Back 7

Basic unit of the nervous system, containing nerve cells

Front 8

What are the 3 types of neurons?

Back 8

Sensory, Associative, Motor

Front 9

What is another name for SENSORY neurons?

Back 9

AFFERENT neurons

Front 10

What is another name for MOTOR neurons?

Back 10

EFFERENT neurons

Front 11

What is the function of the SENSORY (afferent) neurons?

Back 11

carry sensory impulses TOWARDS the CNS and includes sensory information such as light and sound

Front 12

What is the function of the ASSOCIATIVE neurons?

Back 12

carry impulse from one neuron to another

Front 13

What is the function of the MOTOR neurons?

Back 13

carry impulses AWAY from the CNS and towards the muscles and glands

Front 14

What is the protective covering over some nerve cells?

Back 14

myelin

Front 15

What does myelin do?

Back 15

serves as an electric insulator, gives nerves a white colour

Front 16

Nerves covered in myelin are referred to as _________ matter

Back 16

white

Front 17

Nerves not covered in myelin are referred to as ____________ matter

Back 17

grey

Front 18

Where do you find cerebrospinal fluid?

Back 18

in the brain and spinal cord (CNS)

Front 19

Define CEREBROSPINAL FLUID

Back 19

clear and colourless fluid that nourishes, cool and cushions the CNS

Front 20

What are the 3 sections of the brain?

Back 20

cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

Front 21

Describe and give characteristics for the CEREBRUM

Back 21

Largest part of the brain. Receives and processes stimuli, initiates voluntary movement, stores information

Front 22

Describe and give characteristics for the CEREBELLUM

Back 22

second largest part of the brain. Coordinates muscles activity for smooth muscle. Divided into right and left cerebral hemispheres.

Front 23

Describe and give characteristics for the BRAINSTEM

Back 23

stalk like portion of the brain. Connects the cerebral hemisphere with the spinal cord

Front 24

The spinal cord is a ____________ of the ____________

Back 24

continuation, brainstem

Front 25

The spinal cord passes through an opening in the skull called the?

Back 25

foramen magnum (great passage)

Front 26

The spinal cord is the ___________ for ___________ going towards and away from the brain

Back 26

pathway, impulses

Front 27

The vertebrae act as a __________ for the spinal cord

Back 27

cushion

Front 28

The spinal cord is housed within ________ to protect it

Back 28

vertebrae

Front 29

What does the PNS include? (3)

Back 29

cranial nerves, autonomic nervous system, spinal nerves

Front 30

There are _______ pairs of cranial nerves

Back 30

12

Front 31

Each pair of cranial nerves is named for the ____ or ____ they serve

Back 31

area, function

Front 32

All cranial nerves originate from the _________

Back 32

brain

Front 33

Spinal nerves originate from the ______ _______

Back 33

spinal cord

Front 34

Spinal nerves are _______ and emerge from behind the _______ of the same number and name

Back 34

paired, vertebrae

Front 35

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) works with? (3)

Back 35

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

Front 36

What are the 2 divisions of the ANS?

Back 36

sympathetic, parasympathetic

Front 37

The 2 divisions of the ANS work together to maintain _________ within the body

Back 37

homeostasis

Front 38

Sympathetic division of the ANS does what during the "fight or flight" response?

Back 38

1) increases HR, RR & blood flow to muscles 2) decreases GI function 3) pupil dilation

Front 39

What does the Parasympathetic ANS do?

Back 39

returns body to normal state after stressful response by 1) return HR, RR and blood flow to normal level 2) returns normal GI function 3) pupils contrict

Front 40

Define PUPILLARY LIGHT REFLEX (PLR)

Back 40

Test used to detect neurological damage, response of pupil to bright light, shine light in one eye, other people should contrict

Front 41

Define CEREBROSPINAL FLUID TAP (CSF tap)

Back 41

removal of the cerebrospinal fluid by inserting a needle or catheter into the lumbosacral area

Front 42

Define SYNCOPE

Back 42

fainting

Front 43

Define ENCEPHALITIS

Back 43

inflammation of the brain

Front 44

Define HYDROCEPHALUS

Back 44

abnormal increased amount of CSF within the brain

Front 45

Define CONCUSSION

Back 45

shaking of the brain caused by an injury

Front 46

Define CONTUSION

Back 46

bruising

Front 47

Define PARALYSIS

Back 47

loss of voluntary movement or immobility

Front 48

Define ATAXIA

Back 48

without coordination, "stumbling"

Front 49

Define ANESTHESIA

Back 49

absence or without sensation

Front 50

Define HYPERESTHESIA

Back 50

excessive sensitivity

Front 51

Define SEIZURES

Back 51

sudden involuntary contraction of some muscles caused by a brain disturbance

Front 52

Define GRAND MAL seizure

Back 52

animal experiences loss of consciousness and muscle contractions

Front 53

Define PETIT MAL seizure

Back 53

mild generalized loss of muscle tone occurs

Front 54

The various levels of consciousness are used to describe

Back 54

mentation or mental activity

Front 55

Name the 7 various levels of consciousness

Back 55

conscious, BAR, lethargy, obtunded, disorientated, stupor, coma

Front 56

Describe the state of "conscious"

Back 56

aka alert ? awake, aware or responsive

Front 57

Describe the state of "BAR"

Back 57

bright, alert, responsive

Front 58

Describe the state of "lethargy"

Back 58

drowsiness, indifference and listlessness

Front 59

Describe the state "obtunded"

Back 59

depressed

Front 60

Describe the state "Disorientation"

Back 60

animal appears mentally confused

Front 61

Describe the state "Stupor"

Back 61

impaired consciousness and does not respond to stimuli

Front 62

Describe the state "Coma"

Back 62

deep state of unconsciousness