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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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There are over _________ muscles in the body.
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600
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Muscles make up a major part of our _____________ portion.
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fleshy
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Muscles make up over _________ of our body weight.
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1/2
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Define: VOLUNTARY muscle and give some examples.
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any type of muscle function under some degree of conscious control (ie. controlled by the brain). (eg: locomotion, speech, chewing)
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Define: INVOLUNTARY muscle and give some examples.
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Any type of muscle which does not involve conscious control, but may be able to exert some control at times. (eg. breathing, digestion, urination)
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What are the 4 functions of muscles?
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movement; supporting and maintaining posture; producing body heat; help form many internal organs (eg. heart, uterus, large intestine)
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What are the three types of muscle tissue?
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skeletal/striated muscle tissue; smooth muscle tissue; cardiac muscle tissue
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What are some features of skeletal/striated muscle tissue?
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voluntary muscle; striated (striped) appearance; represents the flesh of the animal; attaches bones to the body and make motion possible
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What are some features of smooth muscle tissue?
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involuntary muscle; non-striated (no stripes); usually located around hollow organs (eg. stomach, intestines, urinary bladder, uterus); produce relatively slow contractions to allow conscious function of internal organs
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What are some features of cardiac muscle tissue?
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involuntary muscle; found ONLY in the heart (very specialized); it's function is for the involuntary contraction of the heart
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What are the four principle properties that we highlight within a muscle?
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1. contractibility; 2. irritability; 3. elasticity; 4. extensibility
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What ability is determined by CONTRACTIBILITY?
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the ability of a muscle to shorten its normal length (eg. bicep)
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What is meant by IRRITABILITY in a muscle?
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muscle must be able to respond to stimuli, this is a reflex action (eg. pain or burn)
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What two abilities are determined by ELASTICITY?
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the ability of a muscle to return to its normal state (slow process); the ability of a muscle to be pliable and flexible
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What ability is determined by EXTENSIBILITY?
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the ability of the muscle to stretch; it is variable (eg. skeletal muscle resists stretching, however smooth muscle has a greater extensibility - ie. bladder or uterus)
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What is a TENDON?
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strong, fibrous, white bands that attach muscle to bones; they enable movement of a part located at a distance from the contracting muscle
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What is a LIGAMENT?
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strong bands of fibrous tissue connecting bones to bones; they aid or restrict movement and support organs; eg: many dogs will tear their cruciate ligament (CL) (knee) while exercising; may present being lame, sore or non-weight bearing.
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What is FASCIA?
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a sheet of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports and separates muscles
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What is LINEA ALBA?
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it means "white line" in Latin; very distinct tendon line that runs down the midline of the body; on the ventral abdominal wall; key landmark for abdominal incisions (eg. spay); indicates the centre of attachment of the abdominal muscles
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What is the SCIATIC NERVE?
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found on the lateral side of the hind leg parallel to the femur; important to note during IM injections - if never is damaged, can cause paralysis (permanent or temporary)
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What is an INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION?
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an injection given within the muscle (IM)
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What is ATAXIA?
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the inability of voluntary control of muscle movement; "wobbly"; appears drunk
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What is MYOPATHY?
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an abnormal condition or disease of the muscle
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What is a HERNIA?
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protrusion of a body part through tissues that normally contain it
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What is LAXITY?
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looseness; not tight
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