Voa Anatomy, Cardiovascular & Circulatory System

Front 1

List the six major components of the cardiovascular system

Back 1

Heart, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Lymphatics, Fluid

Front 2

Function of the Heart

Back 2

Hollow muscular organ that moves blood through the body

Front 3

Function of the Arteries

Back 3

Carry blood AWAY from the heart (note: Arteries, Away=AA)

Front 4

Function of the Veins

Back 4

Carry blood TOWARDS the heart

Front 5

Function of the Capillaries

Back 5

Connect arteries to veins

Front 6

Function of the Lymphatics

Back 6

Drains intercellular fluid

Front 7

What 2 things is the Cardiovascular System responsible for?

Back 7

Delivery of oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the body tissue & Transport waste products to the appropriate system

Front 8

Describe the LOCATION of the heart in a mammalian animal

Back 8

Located within the thoracic cavity, more towards left side, usually medial to point of elbow

Front 9

Describe the ORIENTATION of the heart in a mammalian animal

Back 9

At an angle, top of heart is towards the head and back; bottom of heart towards the chest and tail.

Front 10

Describe the STRUCTURE of the heart in a mammalian animal

Back 10

Lined by the pericardial sac (protection), it consists of 4 chambers, dividing into the left (left atria and ventricle) and right (right atria and ventricle) side.

Front 11

What are the STRUCTURES associated with the heart (there are 6 structures, but three of those structures have 2 parts)

Back 11

Base, Apex, Atrium/Atria (plural) (2), Ventricle (2), Aorta, Vena Cava (2)

Front 12

Describe the BASE of the heart

Back 12

top part of the heart - the vessels enter and leave through the base

Front 13

Describe the APEX of the heart

Back 13

point of the heart (bottom)

Front 14

Describe the ATRIUM/ATRIA of the heart

Back 14

located towards the base, 2 chambers (left and right)

Front 15

Describe the VENTRICLE of the heart

Back 15

2 chambers (left and right), left side extends below the right ventricle. left ventricle has thicker muscle wall because it pumps blood to the entire body, right ventricle pumps blood to lungs

Front 16

Describe the AORTA of the heart

Back 16

main trunk of the arterial system, starts at the left ventricle and sends blood to the entire body

Front 17

Describe the VENA CAVA of the heart

Back 17

cranial and caudal vena cava - major blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart

Front 18

Describe the characteristics of an ARTERY (5)

Back 18

carries blood away from the heart, thicker walled, tends to carry blood that contain higher amounts of oxygen, elastic walls, under high pressure

Front 19

Describe the characteristics of a VEIN (7)

Back 19

carry blood back towards the heart, thin walled, tend to carry blood that contains lower amounts of oxygen, low pressure, can collapse when no pressure (ie no blood in them), contain valves so blood only moves in one direction, more superficial

Front 20

What are the four valves within the heart?

Back 20

Left and Right Atrioventricular (AV) & Semilunar (Pulmonary and Aortic)

Front 21

Where are the Atrioventricular Valves?

Back 21

Between the atria and the ventricles

Front 22

What is another name for the Left AV valve and where is it located?

Back 22

bicuspid, between the left atrium and the left ventricle ("you can't be right until you try/tri")

Front 23

What is another name for the RIGHT AV valve and where is it located?

Back 23

tricuspid, between the right atrium and the right ventricle ("and when you left you said bye/bi")

Front 24

Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located and what does it control?

Back 24

Between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, controls blood entering the lungs

Front 25

Where is the aortic semilunar valve?

Back 25

between the left ventricle and the aorta

Front 26

What does the LUB sound indicate in the heart?

Back 26

deeper, more prolonger sound due to the closure of the AV valves

Front 27

What does the DUB sound indicate in the heart?

Back 27

shorter, sharper sound due to the close of the semilunar valves.

Front 28

Define: Auscultation

Back 28

Listening to body sounds (usually with a stethoscope)

Front 29

Explain the flow of blood through the heart (11 steps)

Back 29

1) enters R atrium through cranial & caudal vena cava from body 2)through R AV valve 3)into R ventricle 4)through pulmonary semilunar valve 5)pulmonary artery takes blood to lungs 6)pulmonary vein returns blood to heart 7)into L atrium 8)through L AV valve 9)into L ventricle 10) through aortic semilunar valve 11)to aorta to entire body

Front 30

What factors influence heart rate?

Back 30

Gender (male slower), Age (young faster), Conditioning (athlete slower), Size (large slower)

Front 31

What are the main components of blood (4) and in what amounts (%) are they present?

Back 31

60% "liquid" plasma and 40% "formed elements" of red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC) and platelets

Front 32

What are the 7 functions of blood?

Back 32

TRANSPORT OXYGEN from lungs & body tissues. COLLECTS CARBON DIOXIDE from tissues and brings back to lungs for expulsion. DISTRIBUTES NUTRIENTS to the body. COLLECTS WASTE PRODUCTS and delivers to excretory organs for disposal. CARRIES HORMONES to the cells. MAINTAINS the FLUID CONTENT of tissues. TEMPERATURE REGULATOR for the body.

Front 33

Define LYMPHATIC system

Back 33

a network of vessels that run parallel to the venous system; part of the immune system that connects to the circulatory system

Front 34

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Back 34

to RETURN excess lymph fluid to the blood, ABSORB fat and fat soluble vitamins from the digestive system and TRANSPORT them to the cells

Front 35

Lymph nodes are shaped like?

Back 35

small bean shaped structures

Front 36

What are the functions of the lymph NODES?

Back 36

filter lymph fluid (remove harmful substances such as bacteria and viruses) AND contain lymphocytes (destroy harmful substances and foreign material)

Front 37

Swollen lymph nodes may indicate ___________ as the cells are __________ within them

Back 37

disease, cells

Front 38

What are the 6 major LYMPH NODES?

Back 38

submandibular, parotid, prescapular, axillary, inguinal, popliteal

Front 39

Where are the SUBMANDIBULAR lymph nodes located?

Back 39

under the mandible

Front 40

Where are the PAROTID lymph nodes located?

Back 40

near the ear

Front 41

Where are the PRESCAPULAR lymph nodes located?

Back 41

in front of the shoulder

Front 42

Where are the AXILLARY lymph nodes located?

Back 42

in the armpits

Front 43

Where are the INGUINAL lymph nodes located?

Back 43

inside the leg

Front 44

Where are the POPLITEAL lymph nodes located?

Back 44

behind the stifle (knee)

Front 45

Define EDEMA

Back 45

accumulation of fluid in the intercellular spaces (swelling), e.g. heart failure - fluid does not move as well and collects

Front 46

Define ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG/EKG)

Back 46

the record of the electrical activity in the heart

Front 47

Define SHOCK

Back 47

insufficient blood volume - not enough blood circulating in the body, eg. hemmorhage, anemia

Front 48

Define CARDIOMYOPATHY

Back 48

disease of the heart muscle

Front 49

Define CARDITIS

Back 49

inflammation of the heart

Front 50

Define HEMATOMA

Back 50

collection of blood

Front 51

What is another name for HEARTWORM disease?

Back 51

dirofilariasis

Front 52

How is heartworm passed?

Back 52

through infected mosquitos

Front 53

How is heartworm transmitted in the body?

Back 53

heartworms mature in larger blood vessels, and mature worms settle in heart and can potentially obstruct blood flow through heart

Front 54

Heartworm is currently found in what animals?

Back 54

Dogs, cat, ferrets