Virology Quiz 2 Herpesvirus Part 1

Front 1

are herpesviruses enveloped? What is the capsid symmetry? The genome?

Back 1

yes; icosahedral; linear dsDNA

Front 2

what accounts for the presence of an inclusion body in cells infected with herpesvirus?

Back 2

assembly of icosahedral nucleocapsid in nucleus

Front 3

does the envelope of a herpesvirus enter the cell upon adsorption?

Back 3

no, it fuses with the PM of the host cell

Front 4

where is viral mRNA synthesized in a herpes virus infected cell? Where are progeny nucleocapsids assembled in these cells?

Back 4

nucleus; nucleus

Front 5

where are virus-encoded glycoproteins from herpesvirus inserted?

Back 5

nuclear membrane and plasma membrane

Front 6

where does the envelope for herpesvirus come from?

Back 6

the nuclear membrane

Front 7

in what can the glycoproteins in the PM of a herpesvirus infected cell result?

Back 7

cell fusion to produce multinucleate giant cells

Front 8

what is the most important biological characteristic of herpesvirus?

Back 8

latency

Front 9

are herpesviruses eliminated on recovery from primary infection?

Back 9

no

Front 10

can patients with a latent herpesvirus infection produce infectious virions while still remaining asymptomatic?

Back 10

yes

Front 11

can someone with a latent herpesvirus infection transmit the infection to a child?

Back 11

yes

Front 12

how many herpesviruses are known to infect humans?

Back 12

8

Front 13

are herpes simplex 1 and 2 antigenically related? How are they distinguished?

Back 13

yes; by mAb or PCR

Front 14

where do herpes simplex 1, 2, and varicella zoster viruses remain latent? How they arrive at skin when infection is reactivated?

Back 14

sensory ganglion cells; by a neural pathway

Front 15

are primary herpesvirus infection rashes unilaterl or bilateral? Secondary infections? Why?

Back 15

bilateral; unilateral; because a neural pathway is used

Front 16

where is Epstein Barr virus latent? Cytomegalovirus?

Back 16

B cells; uncertain

Front 17

is recurrent disease seen in immunologically normal or suppressed patients for HS1, HS2, and V-Z?

Back 17

both, but more severe pathology in the immunologically suppressed population

Front 18

is recurrent disease seen in immunologically normal or suppressed patients for EB virus and cytomegalovirus?

Back 18

almost exclusively in immunosuppressed patients

Front 19

for which herpes simplex virus, 1 or 2, is the primary infection often subclinical?

Back 19

HSV1

Front 20

how long is the incubation period for HSV1?

Back 20

1-2 weeks

Front 21

what symptom is characteristic of HSV1 infections in some infants? Where are other primary sites of infection?

Back 21

moderate to severe somatitis with vesicles throughout the mouth; nose, eyes, fingers

Front 22

from the site of primary infection, how does the HSV1 move in the body?

Back 22

virions produced at the site of initial infection infect the sensory nerves there and move up the nerve to establish a latent infection in the sensory ganglion that corresponds to the initial site.

Front 23

how does a recurrent infection of HSV1 begin? What happens following viral replication?

Back 23

When extensive viral multiplication is turned on in the nucleus of the sensory ganglion; virions are transported down the axon to the cutaneous site corresponding to the primary infection, where the local infection with vesicular lesions results

Front 24

why doesn't HSV1 produce disseminated infections upon recurrent infection?

Back 24

due to Ab already present from primary infection

Front 25

can infectious virions of HSV1 be released without production of lesions at the primary site of infection?

Back 25

yes

Front 26

what factors can activate latent HSV1 virions to produce cold sores?

Back 26

fever, UV light, emotion

Front 27

where are lesions from HSV2 produced?

Back 27

on the genitalia

Front 28

at what age is seroconversion for HSV2 seen in populations?

Back 28

after the onset of puberty

Front 29

how long is the incubation period for HSV2?

Back 29

1-2 weeks

Front 30

is the primary infection of HSV2 uni- or bilateral normally?

Back 30

either, but often bilateral

Front 31

where is the latent infection located for HSV2?

Back 31

in sensory ganglia cells that innervate the genitalia

Front 32

are recurrent infections of HSV2 usually uni- or bilateral? Do they contain more or fewer lesions than the first time?

Back 32

unilateral; fewer

Front 33

treatment with which drug prevents recurrent HSV2 disease?

Back 33

acyclovir

Front 34

what can result in a perinatal infection in women infected with HSV2?

Back 34

virions released into vaginal secretions by symptomatic or asymptomatic pregnant women

Front 35

how many days following birth do neonates show symptoms of perinatal HSV2 infections? How serious is this disease?

Back 35

6; most often fatal

Front 36

destruction of which 2 organs in neonatal herpes simplex is marked?

Back 36

liver and adrenals

Front 37

do perinatal infections of HSV2 occur in recurrent or primary infections of the virus? Which infections have the highest likelihood of perinatal infection and of fatal outcome?

Back 37

either; acute primary infections, particularly those in which the mother has not yet seroconverted at the time of delivery

Front 38

if vaginal lesions are seen before delivery in a pregnant woman, what should be done to avoid infection of the child?

Back 38

C section

Front 39

what is the most common cause of sporadic encaphalitis?

Back 39

herpes simplex

Front 40

is herpes simplex encephalitis seen as a primary infection or in patients with a history of recurrent lesions? What is the route to the CNS?

Back 40

either; neural

Front 41

which lobe of the brain is most commonly affected in herpes simplex encephalitis?

Back 41

temporal

Front 42

how is herpes simplex encephalitis detected in the clinic? What chemotherapy is available if the Dx is made early?

Back 42

via PCR of herpes simplex DNA in the CSF; acyclovir

Front 43

when herpes simplex infects the eye, what condition results? Which parts of the eye are infected?

Back 43

keratitis; conjunctiva, eyelids, cornea

Front 44

how does herpes simplex keratitis present?

Back 44

as unilateral red eye with a variable degree of pain or ocular irritation

Front 45

is herpex simplex keratitis always superficial or can it affect the deep eye as well?

Back 45

it can spread to depper levels and cause permanent damage

Front 46

which herpes simplex infected patients are most at risk for recurrent herpes simplex?

Back 46

recurrent herpes simplex

Front 47

what is the preferred treatment for herpes simplex keratitis?

Back 47

trifluridine or acyclovir

Front 48

what is the primary infection of varicella-zoster virus?

Back 48

chickenpox

Front 49

in which season are varicella-zoster epidemics seen?

Back 49

winter-spring

Front 50

what is the path of infection for varicella-zoster viral infections?

Back 50

respiratory tract with subsequent viremia

Front 51

how long is the incubation period for varicella-zoster virus?

Back 51

2-3 weeks

Front 52

what are the symptoms of varicella-zoster infections? What is a distinguishing characteristic of varicella-zoster viral infection?

Back 52

fever, rash with small, itchy lesions; lesions in different states of development in the same area of skin

Front 53

how is varicella-zoster virus spread?

Back 53

by viruses spread from the skin lesionsor via the respiratory tract

Front 54

which patients are prone to a fatal infection of chickenpox upon primary infection?

Back 54

patient with an impaired immune response

Front 55

if an immunocompromised person is infected with varicella-zoster virus, how can the patient be immunized?

Back 55

with IgG from donors known to have high titers of neutralizing Ab

Front 56

is there a vaccine for varicella-zoster virus? Is treatment with acyclovir effective against this virus?

Back 56

yes; yes

Front 57

what is congenital varicella infection? What is the incidence? What are the symptoms?

Back 57

when a pregnant mother is infected with the virus during the first or early second trimester of a pregnancy; 0.5-2%; limb atrophy and scarring of the skin on the affected limb

Front 58

where are latent varicella-zoster infections established?

Back 58

in sensory ganglia

Front 59

whart is the distribution of recurrent infections of varicella-zoster infections? What is the name for this disease?

Back 59

unilateral dermatomal distribution; zoster or shingles

Front 60

do shingles lesions always occur concurrently with pain? If not, which precedes the other?

Back 60

no; pain can precede the lesions

Front 61

what is the name for the syndrome which can result from recurrent zoster, resulting in severe local pain?

Back 61

post-herpetic neuralgia

Front 62

what is the correlation of PHN with age? What can reduce the risk of developing PHN?

Back 62

increased risk with age at which the zoster attack takes place; acyclovir

Front 63

why do patients who suffer from zoster not get viremic spread of infection?

Back 63

because they had already been primarily infected with chickenpox and had Ab against the virus which prevented viremic spread