Virology Quiz 1 Polio/enterovirus

Front 1

how is polio virus transmitted?

Back 1

fecal oral route

Front 2

do epidemics of fecal oral viruses become more or less severe when sanitary conditions improve?

Back 2

more severe

Front 3

what percentage of polio virus infections exhibit paralysis?

Back 3

.1 to 1%

Front 4

what are the non-paralytic symptoms of a polio virus infection?

Back 4

sore throat, stiff neck

Front 5

what symptoms characterize aseptic meningitis?

Back 5

headache, stiff neck, fever, increased leukocytes in spinal fluid

Front 6

what are the 2 classes of paralytic poliomyelitis? Which leads to destruction of motor neurons? Which attacks the respiratory centers in the medulla and cranial nerves?

Back 6

spinal polio and bulbar polio; spinal; bulbar

Front 7

where does poliovirus initially replicate upon entry into host?

Back 7

tonsils, peyer's patches, lymph nodes, small intestine

Front 8

how does the poliovirus attack the CNS in rare cases that end in paralysis?

Back 8

viremia

Front 9

what is the incubation period of poliovirus?

Back 9

2-3 weeks

Front 10

how soon after infection with poliovirus does the virus appear in the feces?

Back 10

approx 5 days

Front 11

how many viral serotypes exist for polio virus?

Back 11

three

Front 12

how is killed polio vaccine given?

Back 12

in the deltoid

Front 13

how are live polio vaccines administered? Can these viruses still grow in the gut? Does it exhibit viremia? Fecal excretion?

Back 13

orally; yes; yes; yes

Front 14

what kind of mutants are live-attenuated vaccines? For what are they selected?

Back 14

multiple-site mutants; greater virulence in a host species or different tissue

Front 15

do live viruses have to maintain the ability to multiply in humans? Who should not be given live vaccines?

Back 15

yes; immunocompromised people or pregnant women

Front 16

why are live-attenuated vaccines preferred to killed vaccines?

Back 16

you elicit cell mediated immunity and immunity lasts longer

Front 17

how can a mild fever inhibit a live-attenuated vaccine?

Back 17

the mutant can develop temperature sensitivity and the loss of ability to grow at fever temperatures

Front 18

which is more stable, live or killed vaccine?

Back 18

killed

Front 19

which vaccine, live-attenuated or killed, is more effective at reducing incidence of paralytic poliolyelitis?

Back 19

both are very effective

Front 20

which polio vaccine, live or killed, elicits IgA production?

Back 20

live-attenuated;

Front 21

what is herd immunity?

Back 21

if enough people are immune, virus has a very low probability of propagation in the population

Front 22

which, people successfully vaccinated with live or killed virus, do not excrete virulent virus upon encouter with virus? Why?

Back 22

live; bc they have IgA that kills virus rapidly

Front 23

which species other than humans are susceptible to poliovirus?

Back 23

none known

Front 24

what is the recommended pediatric immunization for poliovirus?

Back 24

4 doses of killed vaccine?

Front 25

what is post-polio syndrome? What is the origin of this?

Back 25

slowly progressing muscle weakness decades after recovery from relatively mild poliomyelitis; denervation of muscle through an unknown mechanism

Front 26

what are enteroviruses?

Back 26

viruses with an enteric route of infection and excretion

Front 27

what are 2 classifications of enteroviruses other than poliovirus?

Back 27

Coxsackie and ECHO

Front 28

what are the subdivisions of the coxsackie viruses?

Back 28

A and B

Front 29

which enteroviruses cause severe, frequently fatal neonatal myocarditis?

Back 29

group B coxsackie viruses

Front 30

in general, are neonatal viral infections more or less severe than their adult counterparts?

Back 30

less

Front 31

what kind of infection is coxsackie B viral neonatal myocarditis? Is it limited to children?

Back 31

generalized infection (not localized to heart); no, adults can get it too

Front 32

other than neonatal myocarditis, what other coxsackie infections might you see? Which virus is associated with each one?

Back 32

epidemic pleurodynia - subclass B; herpangia - subclass A; hand foot and mouth - subclass A

Front 33

what characterizes epidemic pleurodynia?

Back 33

thoracic pain aggravated by deep breaths

Front 34

what characterizes herpangina?

Back 34

acute sore throat with other systemic signs of infection; ulcerating vesicles in throat

Front 35

what differentiates hand foot and mouth disease from herpangina?

Back 35

in HFA, vesicular lesions all appear at the same time and it is limited to children